环境政策中的规制机制:基于“限塑令”的制度语法学分析

Regulatory Mechanisms in Environmental Policies:An Analysis of Institutional Grammar Based on“Plastic Limit Orders”

经验数据表明环境规制政策的强力输出难以获得预期效用,探索规制机制及运作逻辑是回答环境政策难以发挥效用的前提。利用制度语法学工具,以"限塑令"为案例,对六项指导性政策文本进行探索性研究,结果表明:环境政策中的规制机制具有四个显著特征——制度性质、行为塑造、多层次联结性与多重嵌套性,它以制度性质为动力来源,通过对主体行为的塑造,影响集体选择和操作层次中行为主体的行动规则。高层次的行动规则通过行为主体的传递对低层次主体的行动规则产生约束作用,并通过行为主体间的作用完成多层次的联结与嵌套,共同构成环境政策的规制机制。

Empirical data have shown that,it is difficult to obtain desired effect from the strong output of environmental regulatory policies,and exploring the regulatory mechanism and its operational logic is imperative.On the basis of six guiding policy texts,using institutional grammar tool and taking the"Limited Plastic Orders"as a case,this paper shows that the regulatory mechanism of environmental policies has four significant characteristics:institutional nature,behavior shaping,multi-level connection,and multi-nested.It takes the nature of the institution as the source of power and affects rules of action at collective level and operation level through shaping the behavior of the subject.The high-level rules restrict the rules of the lower-level through the actors,resulting in the multi-level connection and nesting through interaction between different actors,which constitute the regulatory mechanism of environmental policies jointly.