阴道微生态在早产中的研究进展

Progress in research on vaginal microbiota in preterm delivery

阴道微生态是由阴道的局部解剖结构、周期性的内分泌变化、阴道局部免疫系统和阴道内微生物菌群共同组成的阴道环境和生态系统。多项研究证实阴道微生态失调通过局部炎症因子释放、黏膜免疫应答的改变和局部代谢变化,可引起早产的发生。阴道内小分子物质如糖类、短链脂肪酸和胺类通过代谢路径和代谢产物在阴道微生态失调与早产的发病机制起作用。近年来,阴道微生态的理念得到重视,治疗方法由传统的抗生素治疗转向了综合治疗,目的是恢复正常阴道菌群和阴道上皮黏膜免疫系统。但阴道微生态与宿主之间存在复杂的相互作用,因此仍需要进一步的研究。

Vaginal microbiota is a vaginal environment and ecosystem composed of local anatomy structure,periodic endocrine changes,local immune system and microbial flora in vagina.Many studies have confirmed that the vaginal microbiota dysbiosis can cause premature birth through the release of local inflammatory factors,the change of mucosal immune response and the change of local metabolism.Small molecules in vagina,such as sugars,short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and amines,play an important role in the pathogenesis of vaginal microbiota dysbiosis and preterm delivery through metabolic pathways and metabolites.In recent years,the concept of vaginal microbiota has been paid more attention.The therapy has changed from conventional antibiotic treatment to comprehensive treatment,aiming to restore normal vaginal flora and the immune system of vaginal epithelial mucosa.However,there are complex interactions between the vaginal microecology and the host,so further research is needed.