阴道常见乳杆菌及相关研究进展

Common lactobacilli in vagina and progress in related research

近年来,随着全基因组测序等分子生物技术的应用,人们对阴道微生态系统的结构和功能的认识逐渐清晰。研究发现很多妇科疾病的出现伴随着阴道菌群失调,因此研究正常的阴道菌群结构和功能对预防和治疗菌群失调引起的疾病有重要意义,这也是目前人体微生态研究领域的热点。本文总结了近年关于健康女性阴道菌群的组成和类型的研究,阐述了阴道中常见乳杆菌如卷曲乳杆菌、惰性乳杆菌、格氏乳杆菌、詹氏乳杆菌等在功能研究方面的最新进展,以期为乳杆菌在防治妇科疾病如细菌性阴道病(BV)、外阴假丝酵母菌病(VVC)并推进其产品开发及临床应用等方面提供一些理论参考。

With the application of the molecular biotechnology such as whole genome sequencing in recent years,we have a clearer understanding on the structure and the function of vaginal microecosystem.Many gynecological diseases have been found to be related to vaginal dysbacteriosis.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the structure and function of normal vaginal flora to prevent and treat diseases caused by vaginal dysbacteriosis,which is a research hotspot in the field of human microecology at present.This review summarizes the progress in research on the composition and types of vaginal flora in healthy women in recent years,and then expounds the recent advances in research on the function of common lactobacilli in vagina including Lactobacillus crispatus,Lactobacillus iners,Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus jensenii,in order to provide some theoretical references for the prevention and treatment of gynecological diseases such as bacterial vaginitis(BV)and vulvoviginal candidiasis(VVC),as well as for the promotion of its product development and clinical application.