新疆阿尔泰山喀纳斯河谷鸟兽物种的红外相机监测

Camera-trapping survey on mammals and birds in the Kanas River Valley of Altai Mountains,Xinjiang,China

2014年6月至2016年8月,利用红外相机技术对新疆喀纳斯国家级自然保护区内喀纳斯河谷的兽类和鸟类多样性进行了调查,共布设36个相机位点,累计12,006个拍摄日,收集独立有效照片2,038张,共鉴定野生动物51种,其中兽类4目8科15种,鸟类9目15科36种。记录到国家I级重点保护野生动物3种,即紫貂(Marteszibellina)、貂熊(Gulo gulo)和黑鹳(Ciconia nigra);国家II级保护动物11种。9种被中国脊椎动物红色名录列为受威胁物种,其中极危(CR)1种,即驼鹿(Alces alces);濒危(EN)3种,即貂熊、马鹿(Cervus canadensis)和松鸡(Tetrao urogallus);易危(VU)5种。白背啄木鸟(Dendrocoposleucotos)等14种鸟类为保护区新记录,我们首次在野外拍摄到驼鹿指名亚种(A.a.alces)。物种相对多度指数(relative abundance index,RAI)分析结果显示,马鹿为喀纳斯河谷兽类优势种(RAI=9.878),鸟类中星鸦(Nucifragacaryocatactes)相对多度最高(0.258)。我们建议保护区进一步对雪豹(Panthera uncia)、原麝(Moschus moschiferus)等物种开展专项调查和评估。本论文为阿尔泰山喀纳斯河谷鸟兽多样性研究提供了基础数据,有助于后续物种保护和管理计划的开展。

We conducted a camera-trapping survey in the Kanas River Valley of Xinjiang Kanas National Nature Reserve(XKNNR), China specifically for inventorying the mammal and bird diversity. We collected 2,038 independent detections from June 2014 to August 2016 over 12,006 camera-days at 36 locations. The survey identified 51 species, including 15 mammal species belonging to four orders and eight families, and 36 avian species classified into nine orders and 15 families. The sable Martes zibellina, wolverine Gulo gulo, and black stork Ciconia nigra are listed as Class I National Protected Wildlife and 11 species as Class II. According to the Red List of China’s Vertebrates, nine species are threatened in the reserve, while the moose Alces alces is Critically Endangered(CR), three species including the wolverine, wapiti Cervus canadensis, and capercaillie Tetrao urogallus as Endangered(EN), and five species as Vulnerable(VU). Fourteen avian species including white-backed woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos were newly recorded in XKNNR along with the first photograph of A. a. alces in the wild taken during the survey. The relative abundance index(RAI) results showed Cervus canadensis was a dominant species at Kanas River Valley(RAI = 9.878). The most abundant avian species was the spotted nutcracker(Nucifraga caryocatactes, 0.258). Further investigations are recommended to determine the status and threats of the species, especially the musk deer Moschus moschiferus and snow leopard Panthera uncia. Our results added new data to the mammal and bird diversity in the Kanas River Valley of Altai Mountains, which can assist in improving species conservation and reserve management in the area.