中国造礁石珊瑚分类厘定

A revised taxonomy for Chinese hermatypic corals

造礁石珊瑚是珊瑚礁框架建造者,具有维持珊瑚礁生态系统功能和稳定性的重要作用,其分类对于造礁石珊瑚和珊瑚礁的研究与保护至关重要。目前,随着分子系统学的不断发展,造礁石珊瑚的分类体系发生改变,伴随着出现大量同物异名。近年来也出现许多无中文学名的中国造礁石珊瑚新记录种,这些都给物种认定和命名带来困难,阻碍了中国造礁石珊瑚的研究与保护工作。为此,本文收集了中国造礁石珊瑚物种记录文献资料,采用最新的造礁石珊瑚分类体系,确认同物异名,形成中国造礁石珊瑚物种名录,并对中国造礁石珊瑚物种的中文名进行统一的规范和命名。结果表明,中国共有造礁石珊瑚2个类群16科77属445种。与《中国动物志·腔肠动物门·珊瑚虫纲·石珊瑚目·造礁石珊瑚》相比,科级分类阶元新增7个科,变更5个科;属级分类阶元新增26属,变更1属,合并3属;种级分类阶元新增291种,变更13种,合并20种,新命名305个物种的中文名。并且筛选出187个同物异名。此外,由于造礁石珊瑚分类体系现仍有部分争议,文章也进行了讨论说明。

As the major reef framework builder,hermatypic corals play a key role in maintaining the stability and function of coral reef ecosystems.Understanding the taxonomy of hermatypic corals is critical to furthering research and conservation of reef corals and the ecosystem they construct.The application of molecular and small-scale morphological analyses has identified synonymous species and have challenged the traditional taxonomy of hermatypic corals,which was based merely on skeletal morphology.Moreover,many newly recorded species appeared without Chinese scientific names.These aforementioned issues hinder the progress of research and conservation of hermatypic corals in China.Here,we present a comprehensive species list of all hermatypic corals reported in China by collecting historical records,incorporating revised systematics,confirming synonymous species,and updating Chinese scientific names.Our results show that there are 445 known species of hermatypic corals in China,belonging to 16 families and 77 genera.Compared to Fauna Sinica·Coelenterata·Anthozoa·Scleractinia·Hermatypic Coral,we added 291 species,revised 13 species,synonymized 20 species,and designated Chinese name to 305 species.We added 26,revised 1 and synonymized 3 genera,and we added 7 and revised 5 families.Though we identified 187 synonymous species from historical records,there are still several discrepancies in the current taxonomy.We discuss these discrepancies and explain our classification rationale herein.