当代家庭正义理论的两种模式及反思--从奥金的性别正义到纳斯鲍姆的能力进路

Two Models and Reflections on Contemporary Family Justice——From Okin's Gender Justice to Nussbaum's Capability Approach

当代家庭正义成为政治哲学中的一个重要研究议题,出现了奥金和纳斯鲍姆的两种家庭正义理论模式。奥金批判了传统的公私二分范式,否定家庭成员与公民的区别,强调女性的脆弱性,倡导一种"去性别化"的家庭正义观念。纳斯鲍姆不仅看到了家庭中性别正义的重要性,而且看到家庭成员中儿童和弱势残障群体尊严的意义,要求正义要重视非平等的群体,捍卫弱者的尊严,倡导人类潜能的全面自由发展。两相对比,纳斯鲍姆的家庭正义观念与中国传统儒家的观念更加契合,但在家庭正义未来的发展中,儒家的家庭理论资源仍有许多值得发掘之处。

Contemporary family justice has become an important research subject in political philosophy,and Okin and Nussbaum's two theoretical models of family justice are very popular.Okin criticized the public-private dichotomy paradigm and confirmed the basic position of the concepts of family and gender in the theory of political justice,but her theoretical content is too empty.Nussbaum proposed a specific strategy of public-private integration based on the capability theory,combining gender justice concept with caring ethics.Her theory defends human dignity and advocates the all-round and free development of human potential,which is very important to the contemporary world.In contrast,Nussbaum's concept of family justice is more consistent with that of traditional Chinese Confucianism,but in the future development of family justice theory,there are many resources of Confucian family theory can be explored.