孤独症谱系障碍患儿母亲教养方式的研究分析

Study and analysis on mother's parenting style for children with autism spectrum disorder

目的研究孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿母亲与正常儿童母亲教养方式的差异及相关影响因素,为探寻积极有效的教养方式及有针对性的家庭干预方法提供科学依据。方法选取2018年9月至2019年4月在西安市儿童医院儿童保健中心首次诊断为ASD患儿的母亲为研究对象,作为ASD组,并将年龄和性别相当的正常儿童的母亲作为对照组,分析两组母亲教养方式的差异。采用父母教养方式问卷对母亲的教养方式进行评定,采用一般情况问卷调查母亲教养方式的相关影响因素。结果与对照组相比,ASD组的母亲在权威型教养方式的得分更低(t=-7.310,P<0.05),在纵容型教养方式的得分更高(t=3.873,P<0.05)。ASD组儿童母亲权威型教养方式与母亲文化程度、家庭年收入呈正相关(r值分别为0.233、0.186,均P<0.01);专制型教养方式与儿童年龄呈正相关(r=0.159,P<0.05)。回归分析结果显示权威型教养方式主要由母亲的文化程度决定,母亲的文化程度越高,权威型教养方式的得分也越高(β=0.193);对于专制型的教养方式,儿童年龄的增加会增加其母亲专制型教养方式的得分(β=0.159);对于纵容型教养方式,儿童的性别则会影响其得分(β=0.158)。结论与正常儿童的母亲相比,ASD儿童的母亲更多采用负性的教养方式;ASD母亲文化水平对其教养方式产生一定的影响。因此,建议加大对ASD儿童母亲的教育投入,鼓励其采用正性的教养方式,进一步改善患儿的成长环境和康复效果。

Objective To explore differences in mother’s parenting styles between children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)and normal children and the related influencing factors,so as to provide scientific basis for exploring active and effective parenting styles and targeted family interventions.Methods The mothers of the children with ASD who were diagnosed for the first time in Child Health Center of Xi’an Municipal Children’s Hospital from September 2018 to April 2019 were selected as the research subjects(ASD group),and the mothers of normal children with the same age and sex were as the controls.Parenting Practices Questionnaire(PPQ)was used to evaluate the mother’s parenting styles,and a self-designed general information questionnaire was used to investigate the related influencing factors of the mother’s parenting style.Results Compared with the normal children group,the scores of the mothers in the ASD group in authoritative parenting style were lower(t=-7.310,P<0.05),while their scores in the permissive parenting style were higher(t=3.873,P<0.05).The authoritative parenting style of the mothers in the ASD group was positively correlated with their education background and family annual income(r=0.233 and 0.186 respectively,both P<0.01),also the authoritarian parenting style was positively correlated with age of the children(r=0.159,P<0.05).The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that the authoritative parenting style was determined by the mothers’education background,the higher the educational level of the mothers,the more they tended to adopt the authoritative parenting style thereby their scores in the authoritative parenting style was higher(β=0.193).The mothers’scores in the authoritarian parenting style elevated with increase in their children’s age(β=0.159)and the mothers’scores in the permissive parenting style changed by their children’s sex(β=0.158).Conclusion Compared with the mothers of normal children,those mothers of the children with ASD adopt more negative parenting styles.The education background of the mothers may have some influences on their parenting styles.Therefore,it is recommended to increase the investment in education for the mothers of ASD children and encourage them to adopt positive parenting styles to further improve growth environment and rehabilitation effect of their children.