上海市长宁区外来务工人员艾滋病知识知晓情况和对艾滋病患者态度调查

Awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients among migrant workers in Changning district of Shanghai

目的了解长宁区外来务工人员对艾滋病知识知晓情况和对艾滋病患者的态度,为有效地在城市外来务工人员中开展艾滋病健康教育提供依据。方法随机抽取长宁区一个建筑工地,所有务工人员作为调查对象。采用匿名自填的方式,进行问卷调查,内容包括社会人口学特征、艾滋病防治核心知识、对艾滋病患者的态度以及国家有关政策的了解。结果艾滋病核心知识总体知晓率为61. 40%,知晓程度较高的人群为男性(OR=2. 92,95%CI:1. 73~4. 93)、"有配偶/性伴"(OR=3. 19,95%CI:2. 08~4. 90)、"四川户籍"(与"浙江户籍"相比,OR=2. 03,95%CI:1. 14~3. 59),知晓程度较低的人群为"31~岁"年龄组(与"51~岁"年龄组相比,OR=0. 47,95%CI:0. 23~0. 97)、文化程度为"小学及以下"和"初中"的人群(与"高中及以上"文化程度相比,OR小学及以下=0. 50,95%CI:0. 27~0. 91;OR初中=0. 36,95%CI:0. 21~0. 61)。对艾滋病的经性、血液、共用针具和母婴主要传播途径知晓率较高,分别为81. 16%,88. 02%,80. 35%和68. 49%;对"蚊虫叮咬"、"共用牙刷、剃须刀","一起吃饭"和"共用游泳池、浴缸"等与日常生活关系密切的非传播途径存在一定误区,回答正确率分别为30. 81%,51. 05%,59. 77%和43. 95%。对艾滋病患者的歧视现象普遍存在,55. 70%的对象不愿意和艾滋病患者继续交往,62. 33%的对象对艾滋病患者感到恐惧,不同知识知晓程度对患者的歧视程度不同(P<0. 05)。结论外来务工人员对艾滋病防治知识的知晓程度较低,尤其对日常生活接触的非传播途径;对艾滋病患者存在一定程度的歧视。应结合外来务工人员特点,开展针对性宣传,提高知晓率,降低歧视。

Objective To investigate the awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients among migrant workers in Changning district,and to provide evidence for effectively conducting health education about HIV/AIDS among migrant workers.Methods A construction site in Changning district was randomly selected,and all migrant workers in the site served as the surveyed subjects.An anonymous self-completing questionnaire survey was conducted,and the surveyed contents included social demographic characteristics,core knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment,attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients and knowing about the related national policies.Results The total awareness rate of HIV/AIDS core knowledge was 61.40%.The groups with a high level of the awareness were men(OR=2.92,95%CI:1.73-4.93),the married/cohabited(OR=3.19,95%CI:2.08-4.90)and migrant workers with Sichuan household registration(compared with Zhejiang household registration,OR=2.03,95%CI:1.14-3.59),whereas the groups with a low level of the awareness were the group aged 31-years(compared with the group aged 51-years,OR=0.47,95%CI:0.23-0.97),migrant workers with education level of primary school or below and junior middle school(compared with education level of high school or above,ORprimary school or below=0.50,95%CI:0.27-0.91;ORjunior middle school=0.36,95%CI:0.21-0.61).There were higher awareness rates of HIV’s main transmission routes through sexual encounter(81.16%),blood(88.02%),needle sharing(80.35%)and mother-to-child(68.49%),but there was misunderstanding about non-transmission routes closely related to daily life,including mosquito biting,toothbrush/razor sharing,eating together,and swimming pool and bathtub sharing,with the correct answer rates being 30.81%,51.05%,59.77%and 43.95%,respectively.There was widespread discrimination against HIVAIDS sufferers.55.70%of the respondents were not willing to contact with HIV/AIDS patients,and 62.33%of the respondents were fear of HIVAIDS sufferers.The respondents with different levels of awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge showed different degrees of discrimination against HIV/AIDS sufferers(P<0.05).Conclusions The awareness rate about HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment knowledge in the migrant workers was low,especially in non-transmission routes associated with daily life contact.There was widespread discrimination against HIVAIDS sufferers.We should conduct targeted propaganda based on the characteristics of migrant workers so as to improve the awareness rate and reduce the discrimination.