北京市房山区流感导致严重急性呼吸道感染病例的流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Caused by Influenza in Fangshan District of Beijing

目的探讨北京市房山区严重急性呼吸道感染(Severe Acute Respiratory Infection,SARI)病例中流感确诊病例的流行特征。方法分析北京市房山区2017-04/2019-04监测哨点医院登记的1 089例SARI病例,描述流感确诊病例组和非流感确诊病例组人口统计学信息、慢性基础疾病、疫苗接种情况、临床结局等方面的差异,采用SPSS21.0软件,运用Mann-Whitney U检验、X^2检验或Fisher确切概率法,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 1 089例SARI病例,男性639例(58.7%),女性450例(41.3%);流感核酸检测阳性112例(10.3%),流感疫苗接种率10.2%。流感确诊病例组和非流感确诊病例组在年龄分布(X^2=20.329,P=0.000)、高血压患病率(X^2=5.481,P=0.019)、病死率(X^2=3.948,P=0.047)差异有统计学意义。结论 60岁以上老年人、小于5岁的儿童、慢性病患者应作为流感防控的重点人群。流感确诊病例死亡率高于非流感确诊病例,特别是对于患有慢性基础疾病的老年人要加强救治,降低病死率。

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of severe acute respiratory infection which were confirmed influenza in Fangshan district of Beijing.Methods The 1089 reported cases which were detected by the sentinel surveillance systems in Fangshan district from April 2017 to April 2019 were analyzed.The difference of their demographic information,medical history,vaccination status and clinical outcomes were compared with non-influenza cases.The Mann-Whitney U test,Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact probability method were used for data analysis,P<0.05 means the difference was statistically significant.Results Of the 1089 cases of SARI,639(58.7%)were males,and 450(41.3%)were females.A total of 112 cases(10.3%)were laboratory-confirmed influenza cases,and the influenza vaccination rate was 10.2%.There were statistically significant differences in age distribution(x^2=20.329,P=0.000),prevalence of hypertension(x^2=5.481,P=0.019),mortality(x^2=3.948,P=0.047)between the two groups.Conclusion The people over 60 years old,children under 5 years old and patients with chronic diseases should be the key population for influenza prevention and control.The mortality rate of cases which was confirmed influenza was higher than that of non-confirmed cases,especially for the elderly with chronic diseases,we should strengthen treatment and to reduce the mortality rate.