刚柔并济:国家与社会互动视角下风俗治理的有效机制——基于鲁西南农村移风易俗改革的经验调查

Balancing Rigidity and Flexibility:Effective Mechanism of Custom Governance from the Perspective of Interaction between the State and Society——Based on the Experience of Rural Custom Reform in the Southwest Shandong

制度政策强势改造民俗是一种典型的单向、压力式介入,忽视了民俗文化的自主性和农民的主体性,结果引发了政策的执行偏差甚至失灵问题。从调查来看,鲁西南农村当前推行的移风易俗改革,通过将政策的执行权下放给村委会以及红白理事会,实现了从政策主导到政策引导的转变以及"制度刚性"与"治理柔性"的结合。研究发现,国家政策规定与基层灵活操作结合、组织保证与传统底线维持、政策引导与新风尚倡导、农民参与与相互监督构成了政策与民俗良性互动的实践机制,保证了当前政策介入的合法性、合理性、前瞻性与公共性,保障了政策目标实现以及民俗文化的再生产,是互动理论在制度政策与非制度民俗之上的具体实践。移风易俗改革的方式和村民自治过程中的国家与社会互动兼具理论研究和实践创新意义。

Using institutional policies to break old folk customs is a typical one-way pressure intervention,neglecting the independence of folk culture and the principal role of farmers.As a result,the deviation and even failure of policy implementation have been triggered.The current reform in rural areas of Southwest Shandong Province has realized the transformation from policy dominance to policy guidance and the combination of"institutional rigidity"and"governance flexibility"through delegating policy implementation to the villagers’committee and the Wedding and Funeral Council.It is found that the combination of state policies and primary-level flexible operation,organizational guarantee and traditional bottom line maintenance,policy guidance and new style advocacy,and farmers’participation and mutual supervision constitute a positive interaction mechanism between policies and folk customs.It ensures the legitimacy,rationality,prospect and publicity of the current policy intervention,and guarantees the realization of policy objectives and the reproduction of folk culture.It is the concrete practice of interaction theory on institutional policy and non-institutional folk customs.The way of breaking old folk customs and the interaction between the state and society in the process of villager autonomy are of both theoretical and practical innovation significance.