2016-2018年吉林省重要病媒生物种群密度与季节消长趋势分析

Analysis on population density and seasonal fluctuation of important vectors in Jilin Province from 2016 to 2018

目的掌握吉林省主要病媒生物种类、密度和分布情况,分析病媒生物的长期变化趋势,为病媒生物防治方案的制定提供依据,从而科学指导病媒生物防治工作,保障人民健康。方法鼠类采用夹夜法、蟑螂采用粘捕法、蚊虫采用诱蚊灯法、蝇类采用笼诱法,分别在相应规定的几种生境中进行监测。结果 2016-2018年,鼠类总体密度为1.66%,不同年份鼠密度2016年为1.81%、2017年为1.64%、2018年为1.59%,3种生境中农村居民区的鼠密度最高(2.17%),褐家鼠为优势种群,密度高峰期在5月左右。蟑螂总体侵害率为12.36%、总体密度为0.36只/张,不同年份蟑螂侵害率2016年为10.72%、2017年为15.39%、 2018年为10.36%,不同年份蟑螂密度2016年为0.33只/张、2017年为0.46只/张、2018年为0.27只/张,5种生境中农贸市场的蟑螂侵害率最高(15.63%)、居民区的蟑螂密度最高(0.58只/张),德国小蠊为优势种群,密度高峰期在1月和7月左右。蚊虫总体密度为0.80只/(灯·h),不同年份蚊密度2016年为1.68只/(灯·h)、2017年为0.50只/(灯·h)、2018年为0.40只/(灯·h),5种生境中农村牲畜棚的蚊密度最高[2.48只/(灯·h)],淡色库蚊为优势种群,密度高峰期在7-8月。蝇类总体密度为4.70只/笼,不同年份蝇密度2016年为4.44只/笼、2017年为6.47只/笼、2018年为3.43只/笼,4种生境中绿化带的蝇密度最高(5.40只/笼),家蝇为优势种群,密度高峰期在7-8月。结论吉林省病媒生物防治工作仍需继续加强,病媒生物监测应持续开展,建立健全病媒生物综合防治的长效管理机制,降低病媒生物的健康危害风险。

Objective To grasp the main species,density and distribution of major vectors in Jilin Province,analyze the long-term change trend of vector,and provide basis for the formulation of vector control,so as to guide the vector control work and protect people’s health scientifically.Methods Rodents were caught by night trap method,cockroaches by sticky trap method,mosquitoes by trap lamp method and flies by cage trap method,and these monitoring were carried out in the corresponding habitats.Results From 2016 to 2018,the overall rodent density was 1.66%,1.81%in 2016,1.64%in 2017 and 1.59%in 2018.The highest rodent density(2.17%)was in rural residential areas.Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species,and the peak of density was around May.The overall infestation rate of cockroaches was 12.36%,and the overall density was 0.36 insects per sheet.The infestation rates of cockroaches were 10.72%in 2016,15.39%in 2017 and 10.36%in 2018,and the cockroach densities were 0.33 insects per sheet in 2016,0.46 insects per sheet in 2017 and 0.27 insects per sheet in 2018.The highest cockroach infestation rate(15.63%)was found in the farmers’market,while the highest cockroach density(0.58 insects per sheet)occurred in residential areas.Blattella germanica was the dominant population,and the density peaked around January and July.The overall density of mosquito was 0.80 insects per light in an hour,1.68 insects per light in an hour in 2016,0.50 insects per light in an hour in 2017 and 0.40 insects per light in an hour in 2018.The highest mosquito density ( 2. 48 insects per light in an hour) took place in the rural livestock sheds in the five habitats,Culexpipiens pallens was the dominant species, and the density peaked from July to August.The overall density of flies was4. 70 flies per cage, 4. 44 flies per cage in 2016,6. 47 flies per cage in 2017and 3. 43 flies per cage in 2018.Thehighest fly density ( 5. 40 flies per cage) occurred in the green belt.Musca domestica was the dominant species, andthe density peaked from July to August.Conclusion The vector control work in Jilin Province still needs to bestrengthened, and the monitoring of vector should be carried out continuously.The long-term management mechanismof vector comprehensive control should be established and improved in order to reduce the risk of vector healthhazards.