2018年烟台市主要病媒生物密度监测

Investigation on main vectors in Yantai City in 2018

目的了解烟台市主要病媒生物蚊、蝇、鼠及蟑螂的密度、种类、季节消长和在不同生境类型中的分布,为制定主要病媒生物防治方法和策略提供科学参考,为预防病媒生物相关疾病提供科学依据。方法分别采用诱蚊灯法、笼诱法、夹夜法和粘捕法对蚊、蝇、鼠和蟑螂进行密度监测。结果平均蚊密度为4.62只/(灯·夜),8月蚊密度最高,优势种为淡色库蚊,占蚊总数的76.11%,不同生境中,养殖场蚊密度最高,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.001);平均蝇密度为2.83只/笼, 9月蝇密度最高,优势种为家蝇,占蝇总数的53.32%,不同生境蝇密度差异无统计学意义(P=0.119);平均鼠密度值为0.90%,3月鼠密度最高,优势种为褐家鼠,占鼠总数的62.39%,不同生境中鼠密度差异无统计学意义(F=3.110,P=0.089);平均蟑螂密度为0.51只/张,11月蟑螂密度最高,优势种为德国小蠊,占99.91%,在不同生境中,超市蟑螂密度最高,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.001)。结论 2018年烟台市蚊、鼠、蟑螂密度相比2017年均有不同程度上升,应该继续加强病媒生物的监测和防治。养殖场、猪圈和牛棚中蚊密度较高,超市和市场中蟑螂密度较高,应该重点加强这几类生境中相应病媒生物的治理。

Objective To understand the density,species,seasonal growth and distribution of mosquitoes,flies,rats and cockroaches in Yantai City,and provide scientific basis for control work and related diseases.Methods Mosquito lamp trap method,cage trap method,night-clip method,and stick-trap method were respectively employed to investigate mosquitoes,flies,rats and cockroaches.Results The average mosquito density was 4.62 insects/(lamp·night),with the highest mosquito density in August.Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant species accounting for 76.11%.The highest mosquito density occurred in the farms,and the differences were statistically significant(P﹤0.001)among habitats.The average fly density was 2.83 insects per cage,and the density peaked in September.Musca domestica was the dominant species accounting for 53.32%,little difference among the different habitats(P=0.119).The rat density was 0.90%,with the highest rat density in March.Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species accounting for 62.39%,and little difference among the different habitats(F=3.110,P=0.089).The cockroach density was 0.51 insects per piece,with the highest cockroach density in November.Blattella germanica was the dominant species accounting for 99.91%.The highest cockroach density took place in the supermarket,and the differences were statistically significant(P﹤0.001)among habitats.Conclusion Compared with 2017,the density of mosquitoes,rats and cockroaches in Yantai City increased significantly in 2018.It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and control of main vectors.The density of mosquitoes in farms,pig pens and cowsheds was high,while the density of cockroaches in supermarkets and markets was high.It is important to focus on strengthening the management of vectors in these types of habitats.