二里头文化陶礼器造型艺术研究

Research on the plastic art of the Erlitou culture pottery

二里头文化陶礼器的造型艺术表现为简洁质朴的艺术风格,这与夏代礼制文化中"尚质"的审美倾向十分吻合。陶礼器的造型艺术由黄金比例、纹饰和仿生三种设计方法以体现陶器造型和装饰的简洁与抽象性,而三至四期动物造型装饰的增多则为商代青铜礼器的艺术形式奠定了基础。酒器和食器的器物造型构成了礼仪中行为与时间的观念,以及动与静的礼仪活动的日常行为规范。而高等级墓葬中的稀有陶器斗笠形器,其造型与古人对天的描述相同,它不仅代表了所葬之人的身份与职能,还是上层社会对天祭祀权力的象征。

The plastic art of the Erlitou cultural pottery is characterized by simple artistic style,which is very consis-tent with the aesthetic tendency of"advocating simplicity"in the culture of Xia Dynasty ritual system.The plastic art of pottery is designed by three design methods:gold ratio,decoration and bionic,to embody the simplicity and ab-straction of pottery modeling and decoration,while the increase of three to four period animal modeling decoration slays the foundation for the art form of the Shang Dynasty bronze ritual.The shape of the pottery of the wine and the tableware constitutes the concept of behavior and time in etiquette,as well as the daily behavior norms of the ritual activities of movement and static.The rare pottery bucket in the high-grade tomb,its shape and the ancients’description of the sky is the same,it not only represents the identity and function of the buried person,but also the upper-class society on the symbol of the power of the heavenly sacrifice.