“启门图”的天上人间

The Motif of"Half-Open Door":Imagination or Reality

"启门图"是中国古代丧葬艺术中的常见题材,最早见于汉代的墓室、石棺、祠堂和石阙之上,魏晋以后几近消失,直到唐代中后期才再度出现,宋辽金时期"启门图"的发展臻于鼎盛。千余年时光中,该图像从产生到湮灭,从沉寂到复兴,伴随着社会历史的发展和生死观念的变迁,"启门图"的内涵也已然发生了从"天上"到"人间"的本质性转变。本文主要以墓葬中的"启门图"为出发点和立足点,从门扉之间追寻生与死的世界,探讨天上与人间的徘徊。

The motif of"Half-Open Door"is a common theme in ancient Chinese funeral art.It first appeared in tombs,sarcophagi,ancestral shrines and stone que-gate towers of the Han Dynasty,but almost disappeared since the Wei Kingdom and Jin Dynasty until the middle and late Tang Dynasty,and its development has reached the peak during the Song,Liao and Jin periods.With the development of social history and the change of view of life and death,the connotation of"Half-Open Door"has transformed fundamentally from"imagination"to"reality".This paper considers the motif of"Half-Open Door"in tombs as the foothold and starting point to discuss the world between life and death.