四朝宗室出镇区域态势及变迁——以南朝方镇年表为中心

The Regional Situation and Changes of Clans Leaving Town in the Four Dynasties——Centered on the Chronology of Fangzhen in the Southern Dynasty

在南朝宋齐梁陈四朝时期,宗室出镇是皇权为抑制地方权力落入异姓之手、加强建康对各区域监察、交流的重要手段之一,并在血缘、政治、经济上都对建康起到了巩固统治、保卫安全、凸显核心等作用。宗室出镇是中央集权在地方上的延伸,它代表中央的意愿。宋、齐两朝均排挤直系宗室以外支系,而齐朝主要是利用了疏宗,梁朝经历了十字防线格局和宗室出镇瓦解的过程,而陈朝宗室权力的演变相对平和。四朝虽各有特点,但最终目的都是以中制外,以外屏中。南朝四代宗室出镇在地方的布局以及宗枝的取代变迁,尤其在长江沿线重镇的排布和对本朝疏族的排挤,反映了该时期宗室出镇的变迁规律和统治阶层的统治方针。

During the period of Qi,Liang and Chen in the Southern Song Dynasty,patriarchal clan was one of the important means for the imperial power to restrain the local power from falling into the hands of different surnames and strengthen the supervision and communication of Jiankang in various regions.It played a role in consolidating the rule,safeguarding the security and highlighting the core in blood,politics and economy.Clan going out of town was the extension of centralization in local areas,so it represented the will of the central government.The song and Qi dynasties both excluded the branches outside the lineage,while the Qi Dynasty mainly used shuzong.The Liang Dynasty experienced a cross defense pattern and the collapse of the lineage,while the evolution of the power of the Chen Dynasty was relatively peaceful.Although each of the four dynasties had its own characteristics,the ultimate goal was to use the Chinese system outside and the screen outside.The layout of the four generations of clans in the Southern Dynasties and the change of the replacement of clans,especially the arrangement of the important towns along the Yangtze River and the exclusion of the sparse clans in this dynasty,reflected the rule of the change and the ruling policy of the ruling class.