网络视角下研发投入、贸易自由化与高技术产品出口——兼论高技术产品贸易网络的动态特征

R&D Investment,Trade Liberalization and High-tech Product Export from the Perspective of Network

高技术产品贸易是中国在国际贸易领域高质量发展的重要体现。利用联合国商品贸易数据、世界银行数据及世界贸易整合解决方案数据,从网络视角分析了全球高技术产品出口的演化特征,采用指数随机图模型探究了研发投入和贸易自由化对高技术产品出口的影响。研究发现:全球高技术产品贸易网络整体具有“中间密,四周疏”的特点,并且在2008年经济危机后网络密度呈倒“U”型演变趋势;中国、德国、美国和法国稳居全球高技术产品贸易网络中心,而2012—2015年中国对其他经济体高技术产品贸易的影响力有微弱下降之势;各经济体之间的高级依赖关系会显著促进高技术产品出口,具有高水平研发投入的经济体之间不易发生高技术产品贸易,但是研发投入水平越高的经济体其出口倾向越高;贸易自由化显著促进高技术产品出口,同时其带来的积极影响正在增强。基于此,提出促进中国高技术产品出口的政策建议。

Trade in high-tech products is an important manifestation of China's high-quality development in the field of international trade.Based on the United Nations merchandise trade data,World Bank data and World Integrated Trade Solution data,the evolution characteristics of high-tech products export from the perspective of network is examined,and the exponential stochastic graph model is applied to measure the R&D input and trade liberalization on high-tech product exports.The research shows that:the global high-tech product trade network has the characteristics of"intensive middle,sparsely surrounded",and the network density shows an"U-shaped"evolution trend after the 2008 economic crisis.China,Germany,the United States and France are stable centers of high-tech trade networks,while in 2012—2015 China's influence on the trade of high-tech products between other economies has declined slightly.Higher level dependencies among economies can significantly boost exports of high-tech products.It is not easy for high-tech products trade to occur among economies with high R&D investment,but the higher the level of R&D investment,the higher the export tendency of the economy.Trade liberalization has significantly promoted the export of high-tech products,while its positive impact is increasing.Based on the result,some policy suggestions are put forward to promote the export of China's high-tech products.