德国的多元文化主义之殇--兼谈当代德国移民政策的变迁

The Difficulty of German Multiculturalism

多元文化主义自二十世纪八十年代进入德国政界以来,一直步履维艰。究其原因,其中既有多元文化主义本身的不足,又有德国"同质性"非移民国家的传统以及基督教和伊斯兰教极端主义的争端,更有德国左右翼政党政见不一致等因素的制约。但是,面对多族群社会和文化多元的现实,多元文化主义的价值观依然是德国移民整合政策的核心思想。而多元文化主义在经历多年实践和在德国左右翼政党斗争的鞭策下,也得到改良,逐渐演变成为"基于宪法核心价值观的多元文化主义"概念。这与德国当前倡导的"和而不同"的"文化多样性"整合理念异曲同工。

Early in the 1980s,multiculturalism made its way into the German political arena.Due to its proposition on cultural ideology of“diversity and equality”,it attracted intensive attention.Up to the 1990s,multiculturalism started to suffer severe criticism in Germany.Furthermore,in October of 2010,Prime Minister Merkel publicly announced its failure.Undeniably,multiculturalism has not progressed smoothly in Germany and the reason involves several aspects:inadequacy of multiculturalism itself,the restrictive condition caused by the homogeneous tradition of the non-immigrant country and the political irreconcilables from both left and right wings.Nevertheless,despite the social reality faced by multiculturalism,its core values are still the principal ideology for the Germen integrated immigration policy.With years of practical experience and the impelling force of the embattlement between both political parties,be it left or right wings,multiculturalism has reformed and gradually evolved into the so-called“uniformed but diversified”multiculturalism on the basis of the principal values:democracy,equality and human rights under the constitutional protection.