从主题阅读到修辞阅读--兼谈歧义丛生的《咏鹅》

From syntopical reading to rhetorical reading:a co-discussion on the ambiguous Song on the Goose

阅读的不可能性,大致上包含着两个层面的意思。一是当阅读行为发生时,作者总是不在场的,那么经典阐释学所苛求的文本的真实、原初意义,如何得以确证?而且一旦以理解作者意图为前提,那么阅读的主体性将被置于何处?因而强调阅读的不可能性,意在说明任何一种主题阅读本身不过是种修辞。与其说解释了文本,毋宁说阉割了文本或者重构了文本。二是由于文本本身是个修辞结构、异质性结构,而修辞在本质上是含混的、自相解构的,因而阅读总是分裂的。强调阅读的不可能性,意在于为自由阅读提供一种思想和技术上的保证。在此前提下,重新阅读《咏鹅》,我们发现它其实并不好理解。这是一个极其分裂的文本,它有着极为丰富而庞杂的意义。

There are two levels of meaning on the impossibility of reading.One is that when the reading behavior occurs,the author has been always absent,so how could the authentic and original meaning of the text demanded by classical hermeneutics be confirmed?And once reading is supposed to understand author’s intent,where will the subjectivity of reading be placed?Therefore,the emphasis on the impossibility of reading is intended to illustrate that any kind of syntopical reading is but a kind of rhetoric.It is not so much to illustrate the text as to reconstruct the text.Second,because the text itself is a rhetorical and heterogeneous structure,and rhetoric is inherently ambiguous and self-deconstructive,so reading is always split.Emphasizing the impossibility of reading is meant to provide an ideological and technical guarantee for free reading.In this sense,when re-reading the Song of Goose,we found that it is not easy to understand.This is an extremely fragmented text,which has a very rich and complex meaning.