高考设立初期历史试题评述(1952-1965)

Comments on History Examination Questions in the Early Stage of College Entrance Examination(1952-1965)

新中国成立后,党和政府立即着手对旧的招生制度进行改革,从各高校自主招生,到各大区联合招生最终形成了国家主导的全国统一考试招生制度。1952—1965年这十四年高考属于高考制度发展的起步阶段。这一时期高考历史试题呈现出那个年代的特有属性:题型简单,题目数量少;革命史观一家独大;直接式基础知识考查;考查内容“厚今薄古”与以“政治史为主”;重视社会变革与联系现实。但是由于条件所限,当时高考历史试题也存在着知识覆盖不够全面与个别题目不够规范的不足。通过对于过去高考历史试题的梳理与回顾,对于在新阶段开展新课标课程改革、高考命题创新有一定的借鉴作用。

After the founding of new China,the party and the government immediately began to reform the old enrollment system.From independent enrollment by colleges and universities to joint enrollment by regions,a national unified exam enrollment system led by the state was finally formed.The 14-year college entrance examination from 1952 to 1965 is the initial stage of the development of the college entrance examination system.In this period,the history examination questions of the college entrance examination show the special characteristics of the era:simple questions and small number of questions;revolutionary conception of history alone;direct examination of basic knowledge;examination content“being profound in the present and weak in the past”and“focusing on political history”;attaching importance to social change and connecting with reality.However,due to the limited conditions,the history examination questions of the college entrance examination at that time also have the defects of insufficient knowledge coverage and the lack of standardized individual questions.Through combing and reviewing the past history examination questions of the college entrance examination,it can be used for reference to carry out the curriculum reform of the new curriculum standard and the innovation of the proposition of the college entrance examination in the new stage.