农村学前儿童心理健康教育现状调查及对策研究

Investigation and Countermeasures of Mental Health Education for Rural Preschool Children

采用自编《幼儿心理健康评定量表(CMHA-80)》和《农村学前儿童心理健康促进工程访谈问卷》,对农村1100多名3—6岁儿童的心理健康状况进行评定,并对40多名园长进行访谈问卷。结果表明,农村3—6岁幼儿心理健康状况整体处于较好(中等偏上)水平,8%左右的幼儿可能有心理健康问题倾向,与访谈结果相吻合。幼儿突出心理问题依次为意志力、注意力、适应性、自我意识和性格五个方面。建议启动“农村学前儿童心理健康促进工程”,坚持四项原则,健全体系、搭建平台,建立专业化心理健康服务队伍,推动学前儿童心理健康教育研究与实践,推动幼儿园教育“去小学化”和家庭教育指导常态化,推动专业的学前儿童心理诊断与治疗,维护幼儿教师心理健康,加强基础保障和督导评估。

The mental health status of more than 1100 children aged 3—6 years was assessed by the self-made Children's mental health assessment scale(CMHA-80)and the interview questionnaire of rural preschool children's mental health promotion project.More than 40 principals were interviewed by questionnaire.The results show that the mental health of 3—6-year-old children in rural areas is in a good level,about 8%of children may have mental health problems.It is consistent with the interview results.Children's prominent psychological problems exist in willpower,attention,adaptability,self-awareness and personality.It is suggested to launch the“preschool children's mental health promotion project”,adhere to the four principles,perfect the system and build the platform,establish a professional mental health service team,promote the research and practice of preschool children's mental health education,put forward the“de primary school”of kindergarten education and the normalization of family education guidance,promote professional diagnosis and treatment of children's psychology,maintain preschool teachers' mental health,and strengthen basic security assessment and supervision.