论马克思哲学批判中的三重正义观

On the View of Triple Justice in Marx’s Critique of Philosophy

马克思的正义观是在批判他者之中显露的,这缘于马克思很少正面阐述正义问题。宗教批判在马克思看来极为重要,被视为是其他一切批判的前提。马克思参加了青年黑格尔派的宗教批判,认识到了人本质的宗教性异化及其教阶制不正义,宗教的根除只能是以未来共产主义人类正义的实现为前提。宗教批判完成之后,历史的任务便是确立此岸世界的真理。一方面,马克思不满意青年黑格尔派在宗教中批判政治状况,直接展开了对黑格尔法哲学的批判,发现了人本质的政治性异化及其君主制不正义,在黑格尔法哲学的君主与"群氓"的对立中提出了人民正义的观念。另一方面,马克思因苦恼于经济利益问题,退回到市民社会之中展开了政治经济学批判,在劳动的异化中发现了人本质的经济性异化及其资本化不正义,消除劳动异化及其资本化不正义只能是在共产主义社会的按需分配中实现劳动正义。

Marx’s view of justice is revealed by his critics,because Marx seldom expounds the issue of justice directly.Religious criticism was of great importance to Marx and was seen as the prerequisite for all other criticism.Marx participated in the religious criticism of the young Hegelians and realized the religious alienation of human nature and the injustice of the hierarchy of religion,and the eradication of religion can only be based on the realization of the justice of human beings in the future communist.After the completion of religious criticism,the task of history is to establish the truth on this shore.On the one hand,Marx was not satisfied with the political situation criticized by the young Hegelians in religion,and directly criticized Hegel’s philosophy of right,discovered the political alienation of human nature and the injustice of the monarchy,and put forward the concept of people’s justice in the opposition between the monarch and the“populace”of Hegel’s philosophy of right.On the other hand,Marx returned to the civil society to launch a political and economic criticism because he was distressed by the problem of economic interests.In the alienation of labor,he found the economic alienation of the nature of human and its injustice of capitalization.To eliminate the injustice of labor alienation and its capitalization can only achieve labor justice in the distribution of demand in the Communist society.