高速列车转向架的主动稳定性研究

RESEARCH ON ACTIVE STABILITY OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN BOGIES

提出了基于构架横向振动的高速列车稳定性主动控制方法,讨论了采用惯性作动器控制构架横向振动,以及对动力转向架驱动系统采用主动弹性悬挂这两种实施方式.以车辆蛇行稳定性指标和控制力作为两个目标函数,利用遗传算法(NSGA-II)来优化控制参数和驱动系统悬挂参数.研究表明构架横向振动控制可以有效地提高转向架蛇行稳定性.同时发现当直接反馈构架状态实现构架振动控制时,控制系统时滞易导致系统失稳,因此提出一种通过反馈附加振子状态的方法来减小时滞的影响,合理的附加振子悬挂参数有利于提高车辆系统稳定性.较硬的附加振子可提高转向架控制系统的蛇行临界速度裕度,但会导致控制系统在一定的时滞内出现不稳定的现象.因此,在优化附加振子悬挂参数时,必须同时兼顾转向架蛇行稳定性和控制系统稳定性.本文对于涉及的350 km/h高速列车转向架,得出了附加振子的最佳固有频率和阻尼比.

An active control method for the stability of a high-speed train was proposed based on the lateral vibration of the bogie frame.Two implementation schemes,namely the lateral vibration control of the frame by the inertial actuator and the active elastic suspension of the power bogie drive system,were carried out.The vehicle hunting stability index and control force were utilized as two objective functions,and the genetic algorithm(NSGA-II)was used to optimize the control parameters and suspension parameters of the drive system.The results showed that the lateral vibration control of the frame can effectively improve the stability of the bogie,and the time delay of the control system can easily cause system instability,when the direct state feedback of the frame is realized to control the frame vibration.Subsequently,state feedback of additional oscillator was proposed to reduce the influence of time delay.The results showed that reasonable parameters of the additional oscillator can improve the vehicle system stability.A stiffer additional oscillator can increase the critical speed margin of the vehicle system,but it can cause system instability for a certain time delay.Therefore,it is necessary to take into account both the hunting stability of the bogie and the stability of the control system for optimizing the parameters of the additional oscillator.Finally,for the 350 km/h high-speed train bogie,the optimum natural frequency and damping ratio of the additional oscillator were obtained.