乌拉特荒漠草原啮齿动物群落特征及物种空间生态位

Community characteristics and species niche of rodents in Wulatedesert steppe of Inner Mongolia

2019年7~8月,在乌拉特前旗荒漠草原区设置9个样地,对啮齿动物群落结构和物种空间生态位进行研究,共布放有效铗日2700个,捕获啮齿动物六种。采用样地-捕获率系统聚类方法结合生境分析,将乌拉特荒漠草原啮齿类动物划分为3个群落(五趾跳鼠+子午沙鼠群落、小毛足鼠+子午沙鼠+三趾跳鼠群落、子午沙鼠+小毛足鼠群落),各群落多样性指数偏低、均匀性指数较高。子午沙鼠、三趾跳鼠和五趾跳鼠的空间生态位宽度指数较高。对每两种啮齿动物之间的生态位重叠进行分析,15个种对组合中有8个种对的生态位重叠度指数均较高。研究区域内子午沙鼠、三趾跳鼠和五趾跳鼠对栖息地不同的资源利用较为充分,短耳仓鼠对资源等级的利用方式单一;大部分鼠种对其所栖息的环境中的资源利用方式趋于一致,并存在一定的空间竞争。

From July to August 2019,9 sample plots were set up in the desert grassland area of Ulatqian banner,the rodent community structure and spatial ecological niche of species were investigated.A total of 2,700 effective traps were set,and 6 species of rodents were captured.According to the systematic clustering of the capture rate-sites with analyses of the sites habitat,the rodents in the desert steppe of Ulatqian bannerwere classified into 3 communities(Allactagasibirica+Meriones unguiculatus community,Phodopus roborovskii+Meriones meridianus+Dipus sagitta community,Meriones meridianus+Phodopus roborovskii community).The diversity indices of the 3 communities were low while the evenness indices were high.The spatial niche widths indices of Meriones meridianus,Dipus sagitta,Allactaga sibirica were higher.Based on the analysis of niche overlap between each 2 rodent species,8 species-pair of 15 combinations in 6 rodent species presented higher niche overlap indices.The resources of different habitats were fully utilized by Meriones meridianus,Dipus sagitta and Allactaga sibirica,while Cricetulus eversmanni had a single use of resource levels.Most species of mice tend to use the resources where they inhabited in the same way and had some space competition.