中国高等教育省域财政压力指数的研制与测评

Research on the Higher Education Financial Stress Index of Province and Its Application in China

科学度量我国各省域在发展高等教育时所面临的不同财政压力,可为国家和地方政府均衡、因地制宜地发展高等教育提供重要参考。本文提出“高等教育财政压力指数”这一概念,认为高等教育财政压力指数是政府承受高等教育财政压力程度的一种量化反映,不仅能直观呈现不同省域高等教育财政压力状况在空间上的差异以及时间上的变动趋势,而且对于政府统筹和优化省域高等教育资源配置具有诊断和预警功能。针对这一指数,本文提出并建立了一个包含2个一级指标和5个二级指标的计量模型及其计算公式,然后应用于我国31个省域2008—2017年的高等教育财政压力指数的测算。研究结果发现,我国各省高等教育财政压力差异明显(很不均衡),超过半数省域的高等教育财政状况都不容乐观,且大都呈现出渐趋吃紧的态势。为此,无论国家、地方政府还是高校,都有必要将高等教育财政压力指数作为审视高等教育现有状态、预判今后发展态势以及推动相应变革的一个有力政策工具。

By measuring scientifically different fiscal pressures faced by provinces in the development of higher education in China,it can provide an important reference for national and local governments to balance the development of higher education according to local conditions.Hence,this paper puts forward the concept of“higher education financial stress index”,and holds that it is a quantitative reflection about the degree of financial pressure of higher education undertaken by the government.It can act the part of diagnosis and warning for the government to coordinate and optimize the allocation of provincial higher education resources.In terms of higher education financial stress index,this paper proposed and established an econometric model with two first-level indicators and six second-level indicators as well as its calculation formula,and then measured and calculated 31 province’s higher education financial stress index of 2008-2017 in China.The research found that higher education financial pressures of 31 provinces in China are significantly different,and the financial situation has gradually become tighter than before.Therefore,it is necessary for national and local governments as well as colleges and universities to regard higher education financial stress index as a powerful policy tool to examine the current state of higher education,predict future developmental trend,and give impetus to the transformation of higher educational management.