《资本论》的讽喻——以《文心雕龙》“比兴”说为参照

Allegory of Das Kapital

《资本论》对雇佣劳动的讽喻是“牛马”“废物”之类,对资本的讽喻是“吸血鬼”“豺狼”等。两者的喻体都被赋予了向下降格的价值评断。马克思的批判倾向正是通过这种讽喻叙事而得以鲜明表达。《文心雕龙》包括“讽喻”的各类比兴意象皆有自然亲切和谐之韵。这些意象与《资本论》关于雇佣劳动与资本的“讽喻”意象分别呈现的是色彩迥异的两个世界。两者的比较不仅可能提供一个认知马克思“物化”理论的新视角,而且有助于我们在现代语境中感悟古典诗文“比兴”意境的底色。

In Das Kapital,the allegory of hired labor is“cattle and horses”and“waste”,while the allegory of capital is“vampire”and“jackal”.Both of them are endowed with the value judgment of descending case.It is through this allegorical narrative that Marx’s critical tendency can be clearly expressed.In Wen Xin Diao Long,all kinds of images of Bixing,including allegory,have the charm of natural kindness and harmony.These images and allegorical images in capital respectively present two different worlds.The comparison between them may not only provide a new perspective to recognize Marx’s theory of materialization,but also help us to understand the background of the artistic conception of“Bixing”in classical poetry in the modern context.