试论常规与非常规谓词性结构“怒V”

On the Conventional and Unconventional Predicate Construction“Nu(怒)V”

近年来谓词性结构“怒V”具有较强的类推性。“怒V”可分为两类一类是常规谓词性结构“怒V”,其语义结构为“‘怒’表V的方式”;一类是非常规谓词性结构“怒V”,其语义结构为“‘怒’表V的程度”。两种结构之间并不是泾渭分明的关系,二者存在一定的交叠。两种结构的历史来源不同,常规谓词性结构“怒V”是在连动结构的基础上发展而来;非常规谓词性结构“怒V”是在“怒生、怒放”的基础上由“怒”用法的扩展而来。在共时用法上,两种结构规则限制不同,相较而言,常规结构对动词的音节、语义要求较高,其一般适用于书面语体;而非常规结构对动词的音节、语义要求较低,其适用于书面语和口语两种语体。此外,两种结构中“怒”都发生了语法化,但是非常规结构中“怒”的语法化程度较高。

In recent years,the predicate construction“Nu(怒)V”has a strong analogy.This paper divides“Nu(怒)V”into two categories:one is conventional predicate construction“Nu(怒)V”,in which“Nu(怒)”represents the way of V,another is unconventional predicate construction“Nu(怒)V”,in which“Nu(怒)”represents the degree of V.The two constructions are not clear-cut,they have a certain overlap.However,the historical sources of the two constructions are different.The conventional predicate construction“Nu(怒)V”is developed on the basis of the serial verb construction;the unconventional predicate construction“Nu(怒)V”is an extension of the usage of“Nu(怒)”on the basis of“Nu sheng(怒生),nu fang(怒放)”.In comparison,the conventional construction“Nu(怒)V”which is generally applicable to the written language has higher requirements on the syllables and semantics of the verb,while the unconventional construction“Nu(怒)V”which is applicable to both the written and spoken language has lower requirements on the syllables and semantics of the verb.“Nu(怒)”was grammaticalized in both constructions,but it was more grammaticalized in unconventional constructions.