中国儿童哮喘患病率及其危险因素的Meta分析

Prevalence and risk factors of asthma in Chinese children: a Meta-analysis

目的了解近5年中国儿童哮喘患病率及危险因素,为预防儿童哮喘及开展相关健康教育提供参考。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、Elsevier、CNKI、维普及万方等数据库,以"儿童""哮喘""患病率""横断面研究""child""asthma""prevalence"和"China"为中英文检索词,收集自2015年1月至2019年3月发表的有关中国儿童哮喘横断面研究。采用Stata 12.0软件进行分析,通过亚组、敏感性分析探索异质性的来源和单个研究对合并效应产生的影响。结果最终纳入24篇文献,共484719名儿童,其中哮喘患病50608例。中国儿童哮喘患病率为4.90%(95%CI:2.60%~7.20%),烟草/被动吸烟、特应性皮炎等12项危险因素均可诱发哮喘(P均<0.05)。亚组分析结果表明男童患病率高于女童,南方地区患病率高于北方地区,年患病率从2015-2016年的3.8%上升到2017-2018年的6.5%,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论目前中国儿童哮喘患病率相对较高,但识别诸多危险因素对哮喘预防有很大帮助,可降低儿童哮喘患病的风险。

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in Chinese children in the past five years,and to provide references for prevention of asthma in children and related health education.Methods The system searches for databases such as PubMed,Embase,Elsevier,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang were carried out,with the search terms of"children""asthma""prevalence rate""cross-sectional study"in Chinese and"child""asthma""prevalence""China"in English.The cross-sectional studies about asthma in Chinese children published from January 2015 to March 2019 were enrolled.Meta-analysis was performed by Stata 12.0 software.Sub-group and sensitivity analysis were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity and the effect of individual studies on the combined effect.Results There were 24 articles and 484719 children in total included,among whom 50608 had asthma.The prevalence rate of asthma in Chinese children was 4.90%(95%CI:2.60%-7.20%),and 12 risk factors including tobaccco,atopic dermatitis,etc.could induce asthma(P all<0.05).Sub-group analysis showed that the prevalence in boys was higher than that in girls,in the southern region was higher than that in the northern region,and the annual prevalence rate increased from 3.8%in 2015-2016 to 6.5%in 2017-2018(P all<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of asthma in children in China is relatively high.Identification of risk factors can be very helpful in preventing asthma and may reduce the risk of asthma in children.