绵阳市某三甲医院2016年-2019年学龄前儿童流行性感冒临床特点及流行病学分析

Study on the Clinical Characteristics and Epidemiology of Influenza in Preschool Children from 2016 to 2019 in a Third-grade Hospital in Mianyang City

目的分析绵阳市某三甲医院2016年-2019年学龄前儿童流行性感冒临床特点,并探究其及流行病学资料。方法选取绵阳市某三甲医院儿科2016年1月1日-2019年12月31日期间收治的1239例流感患儿作为研究对象。收集患儿流感流行病学资料及临床特征资料,探究儿童流感病毒发展趋势,并围绕其临床资料分析探究其流行病学特点。结果 2016年-2018年以甲型H3N2型及乙型Y型为主,2019年以甲型H3N2型及乙型V为主;流感患儿主要临床特征为咳嗽,发热及流涕(P<0.05);患儿性别患流感无统计学意义(P>0.05);根据年龄分布来看,<5岁患儿偏多,占76.6%(P<0.05);从流感分布季节来看,冬季及春季占比分别为42.0%及37.8%(P<0.05),具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论绵阳市2016年-2019年流感病毒分型主要以甲型H3N2及乙型Y为主,乙型流感患儿病例逐渐增多;咳嗽及发热依旧是各种类型流感的主要临床症状。流行病学分析显示,年龄小于5岁儿童更加容易感染流感,且冬季及春季发病率远高于夏季及秋季。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of influenza among preschool children in a third-gradehospital in Mianyang city from January 1,2016 to December 31,2019,and explore its epidemiological data.Methods 1239 children with influenza admitted to the department of pediatrics in a third-gradehospital were retrospectively selected as subjects.Influenza virus classification and clinical characteristics of children were collected to explore the development trend of influenza virus,and its epidemiological characteristics were analyzed based on its clinical data.Results From 2016 to 2018,type a H3N2 and type b Y were dominant.While,there were 95 cases of H3N2 and 86 cases of B V in 2019,respectively.For all types of influenza,the main clinical features are cough,fever and runny nose(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the genders of children with influenza(P>0.05).According to the age distribution,patients<5 years old were relatively more,accounting for 76.6%(P<0.05).And from the perspective of influenza distribution season,thepatients in winter and spring were accounted for 42.0%and 37.8%respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion The influenza virus types inMianyang city were mainly A(H3N2)and B(Y)from 2016 to 2019.Cough and fever were still the main clinical symptoms of all types of influenza.Epidemiological analyses had shown that children younger than 5 years are more susceptible to influenza,and the incidence was much higher in winter and spring than in summer and fall.