深圳市福田区老年人免费流感疫苗接种状况及影响因素

The status and influencing factors of free flu vaccination among elderly residents in Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市在2016年开展老年人免费接种流感疫苗项目(项目)前后,深圳市福田区60岁及以上户籍老年人流感疫苗接种情况及影响因素分析。方法在深圳市福田区选择深圳市户籍且年龄≥60岁的老年人作为研究对象,在项目开展前后进行问卷调查,分析项目开展前影响老年人流感疫苗接种率的相关因素,实施有针对性的干预措施,比较前后老年人流感疫苗认知、态度和接种率的变化。结果项目开展前流感疫苗接种率16.81%,影响因素包括文化程度高低(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.25~1.27)、是否有慢性病(OR=0.45,95%CI:0.25~0.79)、是否有医生推荐过接种流感疫苗(OR=11.93,95%CI:4.03~35.30)、家人或亲戚朋友中是否建议接种流感疫苗(OR=24.33,95%CI:9.73~60.85);项目开展后流感疫苗接种率57.62%,前后接种率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=203.46,P<0.01),老年人的流感疫苗知识正确率和态度均有明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01),未种原因(多选)前三位分别是流感疫苗不够安全(50.83%)、流感疫苗没效果(32.23%)、流感是小病,感染不会造成严重后果(19.01%)。结论开展老年人流感疫苗免费接种项目后,老年人群的流感疫苗知识正确率和接种率均明显升高,下一步可加强社区全科医生/慢病管理医生关于流感疫苗安全性和保护效果的宣教干预。

Objective This cross⁃sectional study aimed to investigate the situation of elderly residents age 60 and over in Shenzhen who have received influenza vaccine,before and after the project of free flu vaccination,and analyze the influence factors of this situation.Methods In Shenzhen Futian District,the residents of age 60 years old and over,owning Shenzhen residence permits,were selected as research subjects.Questionnaires were conducted before and after the free flu vaccination program.The collected and collated survey result was used to analyze relevant factors influencing influenza vaccination rates of the study population before the project launched and compare the change of influenza vaccination rates and awareness for influenza vaccine before and after this project.Results Before the project started,the influenza vaccination rate was 16.81%.Factors affecting vaccination included the level of education(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.25-1.27),and prevalence situation of chronic disease(OR=0.45,95%CI:0.25-0.79),doctor recommendation(OR=11.93,95%CI:4.03-35.30),family or the relatives or friends recommendation(OR=24.33,95%CI:9.73-60.85).It is not until the project carried out that the flu vaccination rate of the respondents was 57.62%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=203.46,P<0.01).The awareness of influenza vaccine in the elderly had been significantly improved(P<0.01).The top three reasons why respondents did not vaccinate against flu were that“the flu vaccines are not safe enough”(50.83%),“the flu vaccines are ineffective”(32.23%),and“the flu is a minor illness,and it will not cause serious consequences”(19.01%).Conclusion After the free vaccination program for flu vaccine in the elderly,the awareness rate and vaccination rate of influenza vaccine among the elderly population increased significantly.The next step should be to strengthen the intervention and education over the safety and protection of influenza vaccines from the general practitioner/chronic management doctor.