医务人员锐器伤职业暴露特点及信息化研究

Medical staff's occupational exposure characteristics and information research of sharp device injury

目的调查医务人员锐器伤职业暴露情况,分析信息化前后职业暴露特点的变化。方法回顾性调查某院2015年6月-2019年6月发生的锐器伤暴露案例,并根据信息化前后分组分析。结果共分析184例锐器伤职业暴露个案,暴露源的血源性病原体最多的是乙型肝炎病毒(21.7%);护士(64.7%)是发生锐器伤最多的工种;被突出于锐器盒和医疗废物袋的锐器刺伤是比例最高的操作环节(22.5%)。信息化后新职工暴露比例显著降低(P <0.039);暴露时长显著减少(P <0.033);职业暴露的防护意识(P <0.000)和紧急处置(P <0.000)均有提升。全部案例经追踪随访和及时干预,无人因暴露而感染。结论医疗相关人员是锐器伤高危人群,应加强职业安全防护,实施标准预防,规范操作行为,暴露后正确处理、及时干预;并有效地将信息化融合进工作流程中,降低感染风险,提升防控水平。

Objective To investigate the occupational exposure of sharp injuries to medical staff and analyze the changes in occupational exposure characteristics before and after informatization.Methods Needle-stick injuries recorded by healthcare-associated infection management department in a Chinese medcine hospital between June 2015 and June 2019 were surveyed retrospectively.Results A total of 184 cases of occupational exposure to sharps injuries were analyzed.Hepatitis B virus(21.7%)was the most common source of blood-borne pathogens;nurses(64.7%)were the types of workers with the most sharps injuries;they were highlighted in sharps boxes.The sharps stabbing with the medical waste bag is the operation segment with the highest proportion(22.5%).After informatization,the proportion of new employees'exposure was signifi-cantly reduced(P<0.039);the duration of exposure was significantly reduced(P<0.033);the occupational exposure pro-tection awareness(P<0.000)and emergency treatment(P<0.000)both increased.All cases were followed up and inter-vened in time,no one was infected by exposure.Conclusion Medical-related personnel are high-risk groups of sharp device injuries,and should strengthen occupational safety protection,implement standard prevention,standardize operating behav-ior,properly handle after exposure,and intervene in time;and effectively integrate information into the work process to re-duce infection risk and improve prevention control level.