基于BIM与Revit的地下建筑火灾预警及疏散系统

Fire early warning and evacuation system of underground building based on BIM and Revit

为预防地铁等地下建筑火灾事故,将BIM与Revit技术应用于地下建筑火灾预警和疏散管理中,分析不同条件下烟雾、人员疏散过程变化,实现对地铁火灾的预警和疏散可视化平台建设。以某运营地铁站为例,根据火灾烟气扩散过程确定烟气高度作为评价疏散安全性的指标,获得临界烟气最小高度下的可用疏散时间;通过人员量化处理进行人员疏散模拟,获得必需疏散时间并与可用疏散时间对比,进行建筑模型的评价和优化,以满足安全使用要求。结果表明:现有疏散通道布局存在一定安全隐患,可通过撤除不合理商业箱、提高候车公共区空地面积、增加喷淋设备密度、组织安全疏散演练等方式降低疏散时间,降低安全隐患。

In order to prevent underground building fire accidents such as subway,BIM and Revit technology were applied to fire early warning and evacuation management of underground build⁃ings,and the changes of smoke and evacuation process under dif⁃ferent conditions were analyzed,so as to realize the early warning of subway fire and the construction of visual platform for evacua⁃tion.Taking an operating subway as an example,according to the fire smoke diffusion process,the important factors of personal safe⁃ty caused by smoke height were determined,which was used as the index to evaluate the safe evacuation,and the available evacuation time at the minimum critical smoke height was obtained.The evac⁃uation simulation was carried out by quantitative processing,and the actual evacuation time was compared with the available evacua⁃tion time.In order to meet the requirements of safe use,the evalua⁃tion and optimization of building model were carried out.The re⁃sults showed that there are some hidden dangers in the layout of the existing evacuation passages.The evacuation time and potential safety hazards could be reduced by evacuating the unreasonable commercial box,increasing the open space area of the waiting pub⁃lic area,strengthening the density of sprinkler equipment,organiz⁃ing the safety evacuation exercise and so on.