锂电池穿刺燃烧特性及其抑制技术研究

Study on combustion characteristics and suppression technology of lithium batteries by puncture

建立锂电池穿刺试验平台,模拟电动汽车动力电池系统碰撞后起火的事故场景。分析磷酸铁锂电池和三元锂电池在穿刺条件下不同的火灾行为,并开展了磷酸铁锂电池模组穿刺燃烧实体灭火试验。研究发现:在穿刺条件下,磷酸铁锂电池燃烧时间较长,火焰强度较弱,三元锂电池燃烧时间较短,火焰强度较大;干粉灭火剂可有效扑灭磷酸铁锂电池火灾,但不能阻止电池内部发生的副反应,复燃的风险较高。建议消防救援人员在处置电动汽车碰撞火灾事故时,注意防范动力电池系统的复燃。

The lithium battery puncture experiment platform was built,to simulate the electric vehicle accident scene of the battery system in collision.The fire behaviors of lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary lithium battery by puncture were analyzed.Al⁃so the fire extinguishing experiment was carried out on a lithium iron phosphate battery module.As the result shows,the lithium iron phosphate battery got longer burning time and weaker flame in⁃tensity,while the ternary lithium battery got shorter burning time and higher flame intensity;it was effective for the dry powder fire extinguishing agent to extinguish the lithium iron phosphate bat⁃tery fire;however,it cannot prevent the reactions occurring inside the battery so that the risk of re-ignition is high.The fire rescue personnel should pay attention to prevent the re-ignition of the power battery system when handling electric vehicle fire accidents in collision.