刑事二审证据调查问题的实证思考——以非法证据排除程序为切入点

An Empirical Research on the Exclusion Procedure of Illegal Evidence in the Second Criminal Trial

刑事二审非法证据排除程序的运用有其特殊之处。通过考察S省C市人民法院审理的刑事案件,发现目前刑事二审证据调查司法实践中存在不少的问题:程序启动上忽视法律规定,法官权力行使超出界限;庭前会议召开率低,致使"排非"作用未有效发挥;启动"排非"后的处理程序粗糙,"排非"调查简单化。究其原因,主要系控辩审三方对二审"排非"程序的定位认知有误,未充分认识到二审庭前会议的功能,且因立法模糊导致实践操作不一。为了有效改进刑事二审证据调查中存在的问题,在程序启动上,应明确"排非"程序的启动标准;在程序进行上,应充分发挥庭前会议在二审非法证据排除方面的作用;在程序运行上,应立足"排非"的特殊属性根据不同情形进行区别处理。

The application of the procedure of excluding illegal evidence in the second criminal trial has its special features.By examining the criminal cases heard by the People’s Court in C City of S Province,we found some problems in the current judicial practice:the legal provisions are ignored in initiating the procedure,and the exercise of judges’power exceeds the limit;the low rate of pre-trial meetings caused ineffectiveness in illegal evidence exclusion;and the procedure is not strictly carried out after initiation and the investigation is simplified.These problems are mainly the results of the misunderstanding of the three parties involved in the criminal trial about the illegal evidence exclusion procedures in the second criminal trial,and about the functions of the pre-trial meeting in the second criminal trial,which leads to inconsistence in practice.In order to solve the above problems,the initiation criteria of the illegal evidence exclusion procedure should be clearly defined;the role of the pre-trial meetings in excluding illegal evidence in the second criminal trial should be fully utilized in the conduct of the procedure;the exclusion procedure should be operated with consideration of its special attributes and different situations.