2018-2019年台山市8-10岁儿童碘缺乏病监测分析

Analysis on surveillance results of iodine deficiency disease among children aged 8-10 years,Taishan city,2018-2019

目的了解台山市8~10岁儿童碘营养状况及碘缺乏病监测指标的情况,为采取高效防治措施和调整干预策略提供科学依据。方法于2018~2019年在台山市分层随机抽样,抽取400名8~10岁学龄儿童,采集其家庭食用盐样及即时尿样,用国家统一的检测方法测定盐碘、尿碘含量,儿童甲状腺容积用B超法测定;采用问卷形式调查儿童家长碘缺乏病防治知识知晓情况。结果检测400份儿童家庭食用盐样,盐碘中位数是25.00 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率是99.50%,碘盐合格率是98.24%,合格碘盐食用率是97.75%;检测儿童尿样400份,尿碘中位数是169.35μg/L,其中碘缺乏为13.75%,碘营养适宜为50.75%,超过适宜量为23.50%,碘过量为12.00%,不同年份儿童尿碘频数分布比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);400名儿童的甲状腺肿大率是3.75%,城乡儿童甲状腺肿大率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);400名儿童家长碘缺乏病认知不合格占12.75%,合格占44.75%,满分占42.50%,碘缺乏病认知情况不同年份、不同地区比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论台山市8~10岁儿童碘营养处于适宜水平,监测结果符合国家碘缺乏病消除标准。

Objective To understand the iodine nutritional status and iodine deficiency disease(IDD)monitoring index of 8-10 years old children in Taishan city,so as to provide scientific basis for taking effective prevention and control measures and adjusting intervention strategies.Methods In 2018-2019,400 school-age children aged 8-10 years were collected by randomly stratified sampling method in Taishan city,and their household edible salt samples and instant urine samples were collected.The content of salt iodine and urine iodine was determined by the national unified detection method,and the thyroid volume of children was determined by B-ultrasonic method.The knowledge of prevention and treatment of IDD among children’s parents was investigated by questionnaire.Results A total of 400 samples of children’s household edible salt were tested,the median of salt iodine was 25.00 mg/kg,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.50%,the qualified rate of iodized salt was 98.24%,and the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.75%;400 samples of children’s urine were detected,the median of urine iodine was 169.35μg/L,including 13.75%of iodine deficiency,50.75%of iodine nutrition,23.50%of excess iodine,12.00%of iodine excess.The distribution of urinary iodine frequency in children among different years was statistically significant(P<0.05);the goiter rate of 400 children was 3.75%,the difference of goiter rate between urban and rural children was statistically significant(P<0.05);12.75%,44.75%and 42.50%of the parents of 400 children failed to recognize IDD,there was significant difference in the cognition of IDD in different years and regions(P<0.01).Conclusion The iodine nutrition of 8-10 years old children in Taishan city is at an appropriate level,and the monitoring results are in line with the national IDD elimination standard.