共享无人驾驶交通系统调度技术综述

Review on Dispatching Technology of Shared Autonomous Vehicles Traffic System

众多研究证明共享无人驾驶车辆(SAVs)交通系统,能够实现车辆完全可控并为乘客提供个性化服务,即克服导致共享单车大量倒闭的运维和调配难题,也可消除制约公交竞争力的准时性、舒适性、覆盖性差的不足,有望成为未来城市交通的主体出行模式之一,并在很大程度上解决交通拥堵、环境污染、能源紧缺等城市病。基于此,总结SAVs交通系统相对传统共享车辆系统在不同运行模式方面的优点及不足,综述SAVs交通系统的调度技术。从SAVs交通系统运行过程出发,总结并分析SAVs交通系统不同运行方式,包括SAVs交通系统出行需求产生方式、车辆与需求匹配方式、车辆路径规划与车辆再平衡方式,以及运行方式与系统参数发生变化时对车辆行驶里程、车辆行驶时间、车队规模、乘客等待时间和服务水平等系统性能的积极与消极影响。对现有成果的梳理发现对于SAVs交通系统运行与性能的研究虽然取得了很大进展,但对于选择SAVs的出行需求计算多未考虑需求转移的影响,能够有效在大型路网中使用的系统模型与算法依然缺乏,且对于SAVs交通系统的调度研究考虑的形式可以更加多样,使之更符合现实情况。最后,基于提高SAVs系统性能对未来研究方向进行了展望,提出一些可能的研究课题。研究成果可为SAVs交通系统的研究提供参考。

Numerous studies have shown that the shared autonomous vehicle(SAV)traffic system can achieve complete controllability of vehicles and provide personalized services for passengers.It overcomes the difficulties of operation,maintenance,and allocation that have led to the closure of several bicycle-sharing systems,and eliminates shortcomings in terms of punctuality,comfort,and coverage that restrict the competitiveness of public transport.It is expected to become one of the main modes of urban traffic in the future.Moreover,it can solve urban diseases such as traffic congestion,environmental pollution,and energy shortage to a large extent.The paper summarized the advantages and barriers of the SAV traffic system in different operation modes compared with the traditional shared vehicle system and reviewed the dispatching technology of the SAV traffic system.From the perspective of system operation process,a detailed review of the running mode of the SAV traffic system was performed,including its travel demand generation,vehicle-traveler matching,vehicle routing,and rebalancing.The positive and negative effects of the running mode and system parameters on vehicle miles traveled,vehicle travel time,fleet size,waiting time,service level,and other system performance factors were also discussed.It is found that although great progress has been made in the research on the operation and performance of the SAV traffic system,the impact of demand transfer has not been considered in the calculation of SAV travel demand.There remains a lack of effective system construction and algorithm for large-scale road networks.In addition,the forms of study on the dispatching of the SAV traffic system should be more diverse to make it more suitable for actual situations.Finally,to improve the performance of the SAV system,the future research direction is prospected and possible research topics are proposed.This paper serves as a reference for further research on the SAV traffic system.