从民族审美重构到现代文化变革——论叶芝诗歌的审美现代性

From Reconstruction of National Aesthetics to the Reformation of Modern Culture:On Yeats’Aesthetic Modernity

本文以叶芝诗歌为研究对象,从三个层面讨论其现代意识和文化思辨,阐释其诗歌的审美现代性。叶芝对经典意象和神话的重写形成了民族文化和悲剧精神的审美重塑,在美学层面上实现民族精神的重构和对困境的超越;以对“现实爱尔兰”和“真实爱尔兰”的对比,展开对“家园意识”的美学构建,为摆脱现代性虚无探索道路;在对基督教假说和政治现代性批判的同时,提出理解文明与历史发展的非理性方式。叶芝诗歌的审美现代性为现代爱尔兰走出民族和文化困境提供精神支持,更为重审现代文明和历史平添独特的美学视角。

Taking Yeats’ s poetry as the object of study and looking into his aesthetic reconstruction in three aspects,the author of this article discusses his critique of modernity and his speculations on culture,trying to interpret the aesthetic modernity in his poetry. His rew riting of national images and myths reshapes the national culture and spirit of tragedy,rebuilding the national spirit and transcending the national predicaments on aesthetic level. By making comparison betw een "the actual Ireland"and "the real Ireland",he builds up an aesthetic "homeland consciousness",exploring w ays to rid the emptiness of modernity. While criticizing the hypocrisy of Christianity and political modernity he presents an irrational w ay of understanding the evolution of civilization and history. The aesthetic modernity in Yeats’ s poetry provides spiritual sustenance for modern Ireland out of national and cultural dilemma,and it also adds unique perspective to reexamine modern civilization and history.