“抄袭”还是“借鉴”?——柯勒律治与谢林文艺思想关系研究

Borrowing or Plagiarism:The Relationship of Artistic Thoughts Between Coleridge and Schelling

柯勒律治对英国浪漫主义诗歌创作和浪漫文学批评理论的贡献是有目共睹的。然而,学术界却在其文艺理论与谢林思想之间的关系上引发了一场是“抄袭”还是“借鉴”的学术“公案”。通过两人学术思想的比较,我们发现,在艺术创作与模仿自然的关系和艺术的本质两个层面上,柯勒律治受到谢林的影响是不言而喻的,但两人的观点和结论均自成体系,且柯勒律治最终走向了文艺理论方向,谢林则向哲学研究发展。此外,美国思想家爱默生的自然论也曾借鉴过柯勒律治的相关思想。根据词典对“抄袭”的界定、“抄袭”的时代内涵以及相关文学案例,结论是:两者属于借鉴关系,而非抄袭。该文以这场学术公案作为引子,在探讨这件公案的基础上,侧重研究了柯勒律治的浪漫主义文艺理论。

Coleridge’s contributions to British Romantic poem w riting and literary criticism theories have been universally recognized. How ever,as to the relationship betw een Coleridge’s literary and artistic theories and Schelling’s philosophical thoughts,there has been,in the academia,an intricate controversy over w hether Coleridge "plagiarized"or "borrow ed"the German thoughts.Through the comparison of their academic thoughts,the study finds that,on the relationship betw een the artistic creation and the mimesis of nature,and the understanding of the essence of art,the influence of Schelling’s thoughts on Coleridge is self-evident,but each of the tw o developed a distinctive theoretical system w ith their respective view points and conclusions. Coleridge,ultimately,moved tow ards the literary and artistic theories,w hile Schelling headed for the philosophical study. Besides,Emerson,the American thinker,also borrow ed from some of Coleridge’s thoughts in establishing his ow n theory of nature. According to the definition of "plagiarism "from the dictionary,the connotations of "plagiarism "in the Romantic era and the related literature cases,this paper concludes that the relationship of their academic thoughts is "borrow ing "instead of "plagiarism ". Taking this academic controversy as the starting point,this paper,based on the discussion over the controversy,lays particular emphasis on the study of Coleridge’s theories on Romantic literature and art.