单室窗开度对着火房间温度分布的影响

Impact of the window opening-up angles on the temperature distribution in the fire-causing compartment

采用基于Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)的数值模拟方法研究了单室窗开度对着火房间温度分布的影响。结果表明:同一窗开度下,窗户面温度测点高度越高,温度越高;对窗户面同一高度处,窗开角度越大,温度降低值越大,窗户面的降温排烟效果越好,但窗开度较小(15°、45°)时,对窗户面较高位置(0. 35 m、0. 45 m)温度影响并不明显;同一窗开度下,门口温度测点高度越高,温度越高;门口0. 42~0. 52 m高度范围内和0. 52~0. 62 m高度范围内分别存在一个临界高度,分别使不同窗开度对临界高度内温度测点的降温效果几乎相同。因此,若紧急情况下被困人员无法逃出着火房间,被迫通过窗户面呼吸,应尽可能将窗户开到最大;在真实火场中,无论窗开度为多少,若被困人员能够选择从门口逃生,应尽量降低自己的重心,弯腰或匍匐前进;如救助对象(如珍贵历史资料等)处于门口较高位置(1. 68~2. 48 m),窗开度对这些高度处的降温效果影响十分有限。

In order to study the effect of window opening-up angles on the temperature distribution in case of the fire-causing compartment,the given paper has done an investigation of the impact of the window opening angle on the temperature distribution through the fire compartment numerical simulation via the Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS).As a result,we have found that,under the same window opening angle,the greater the height of the window’s temperature measuring point,the higher the temperature would be.However,for the same temperature measuring points of the window,the greater the angle of the window opening,the higher the temperature reduction extent would be,and,in turn,the better the effect of the cooling and smoke exhaust of the window surface.However,for the angles of 15°and 45°,specifically,no clear-cut noticeable effect can be found in comparison with the temperatures of 0.35 m and 0.45 m with the window.For example,with the same window angle opening,the greater the door’s temperature measuring point height is,the higher the temperature would be,there should be a critical height in the range of 0.42-0.52 m and 0.52-0.62 m at the door,respectively,which has nearly the same cooling effect of the measuring point when its height is equal to or beyond the critical height even if with the different window opening angles.Therefore,if the trapped person cannot escape from the burning room in an emergency and is forced to breathe through the window,the window should be opened to the maximum extent as soon as possible.And,in the real fire-burning ground,no matter how much the window opens,if the trapped person can make a choice to escape from the door,he should try to lower his focus,bend down or creep forward.And,if the rescued objects(such as precious historical data,etc.)are in a higher position(1.68-2.48 m)at the entrance,at the moment,the cooling effect of the window opening angle on the said positions should also be very limited.