中美贸易摩擦中美国“232措施”法律性质之辨析——以DS544案切入

Analysis on the Legal Nature of the “232 Measures”of the United States in Sino-US Trade Friction——From the Perspective of DS544 Case

在DS544案中,美国"232措施"的定性问题为中美双方争议的焦点问题。学界目前对此问题的论证尚不充分。美国将"232措施"单方面认定为国家安全措施的做法并未获得大多数国家和权威国际组织的认可。美国"232措施"不属于WTO认可的可享受免责的国家安全措施的范畴。美国"232措施"在其构成因素和法律特征的诸多方面与保障措施相吻合,而且美国"232措施"的核心部分,即措施的核心功能与保障措施相契合。美国"232措施"不应定性为国家安全措施,而应定性为保障措施。

In the DS544 case,the qualitative issue of the US"232 Measures"is the focus of the dispute between China and the United States.The problem has not been resolved.The United States unilaterally considers"232 Measures"as a national security measure,which has not been recognized by most countries and authoritative international organizations.The US"232 Measures"do not fall within the scope of the national security measures that can be exempted from liability and are recognized by the WTO.The US"232 Measures"is consistent with safeguard measures in many aspects of the constituent factors and legal characteristics.Moreover,the core functions of the US"232 Measures"are consistent with the safeguard measures.The US"232 Measures"should not be characterized as national security measures,but should be characterized as safeguard measures.