第三方资助国际仲裁的费用担保问题研究

Security for Costs of Third-Party Funding in International Arbitration

第三方资助为国际仲裁当事人提供了接近正义的机会,但同时它也有助长滥诉的潜在风险。以防止滥诉为目的的费用担保制度可以为消除这一潜在风险提供有效的救济。但就目前的国际仲裁费用担保实践来看,至少存在适用标准模糊、各国实践不一等问题,而第三方资助的出现又使仲裁庭在考量是否发布费用担保令时不得不考虑更多的复杂因素。因此,有必要明确第三方资助国际仲裁案件中发布费用担保令的前提,同时完善证明责任的分配、细化证明事项、规定担保责任,以更好地维护、平衡双方当事人的合理利益。

Third-party funding provides the parties of international arbitration with the opportunity to access to justice,but it also has the potential risk of promoting abusive litigation.In order to prevent the abuse of litigation,the security for cost system can provide effective relief to eliminate this potential risk.However,there are several problems in the current practice of international arbitration when deciding security for costs orders,such as vague applicable standards and different attitudes of different countries.The emergence of third-party funding makes the arbitral tribunal have to consider more complex factors when considering whether to issue a security for costs order.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the premise of deciding security for costs orders when the international arbitration cases are funded by a third party.At the same time,it’s also necessary to improve the distribution of the burden of proof,refine the matters of proof,and stipulate the liability of guarantee,so as to better maintain and balance the reasonable interests of both parties.