行政行为程序轻微违法的司法审查

On the Judicial Review of the Procedural Minor Illegality of Administrative Acts

作为对1989年《行政诉讼法》"违反法定程序一律撤销"立场之纠偏,新《行政诉讼法》确立的行政行为"程序轻微违法"在制度定位上既是程序瑕疵类型,也是程序瑕疵司法审查的标准。作为前者,"程序轻微违法"是对司法实践中广泛运用的"狭义程序瑕疵"概念之扬弃;作为后者,相对于"违反法定程序"标准、"对原告权利不产生实际影响"标准,"程序轻微违法"标准具有独立性、补充性两大特点。但部分法院未能严格遵循"程序轻微违法"的立法既定路径,不仅导致"程序轻微违法"认定空间被挤压,还使得"程序轻微违法"标准存在被虚置与被滥用的双重误区。针对以上误区,法院应当秉承程序瑕疵类型二分法立场,兼顾客观程序标准与主观权利标准,并对"程序轻微违法"标准予以严格适用。

As a correction to the position of"all administrative action violating the legal procedure should be revoked"in the Administrative Procedure Law of 1989,"procedural minor illegality of administrative acts"established by the new Administrative Procedure Law is not only a type of procedural defects,but also one of the standards of judicial review of procedural defects.As the former,the"procedural minor illegality"is the sublation of"narrow procedural defects";as the latter,the"procedural minor illegality"has two characteristics of independence and complementarity compared to the standards of"violation of legal procedures"and the standards of"having no actual impact on the plaintiff’s rights".However,some courts failed to follow the established legislative path of"procedural minor illegality"strictly,which not only leads to the danger of erosion of applicable space of the standard of"procedural minor illegality",but also makes it face the double risks of existing in name and being abused.In view of the above problems,the court should adhere to a dichotomy stand for the type of procedural defects,combine the objective procedure standard with the subjective right standard,and ensure that the standard of"procedural minor illegality"is strictly applied.