纺织作业噪声对女性生殖机能与胚胎发育的影响

Interference of textile noise to women reproductive function and embryonic development

目的了解纺织作业噪声对女性职工生殖机能及其胚胎发育的影响情况。方法采用生殖流行病学调查方法,对2018年7月-2019年4月大连市某纺织厂489名从事纺织作业的女工以及201名对照女工进行相关信息的调查、记录与分析。结果与对照组比较,纺织作业噪声暴露强度超过85 dB(A)的观察组III组,女性职工的月经周期紊乱、妊娠高血压综合症、先兆流产以及早产等的发生率均明显升高,分别为10.6%、12.7%、5.6%、8.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);噪声暴露强度超过95 dB(A)的观察II组,女工痛经、腰酸、妊娠浮肿以及自然流产的发生率会进一步增加,分别为23.9%、39.8%、13.9%、15.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),孕妇生出低体重儿的概率亦明显变大,为13.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);噪声暴露强度超过100 dB(A)的观察I组,除上述不良症状之外,纺织女工的难产发生率也会增加,为21.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调查结果表明,强度大于85 dB(A)的纺织作业噪声会在不同程度上造成女性职工月经周期的紊乱,增加痛经、腰酸、妊娠高血压综合症、先兆流产、自然流产、早产、难产以及低体重儿等不良症状的发生率,且随着噪声强度的增加影响程度变大,存在剂量反应关系,但不会对经期异常、经量异常、早孕反应、妊娠呕吐、死胎、多胎、胎儿出生缺陷及死亡等产生太大的影响。结论纺织作业噪声的接触可对女性职工的生殖机能及其胚胎发育情况产生影响与干扰。

Objective To understand the interference of textile noise to women reproductive function and embryonic development.Methods The reproductive epidemiology investigation method was used to investigate,record and analyze the relevant information of 489 female workers engaged in textile operations and 201 female controls in a textile factory in Dalian City from July 2018 to April 2019.Results Compared with the control group,the incidence rates of menstrual cycle disorder,pregnancyinduced hypertension syndrome,threatened abortion and premature delivery in the observation groupⅢwith exposure intensity exceeding 85 dB(A)significantly increased,which was 10.6%,12.7%,5.6%and 8.7%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence rates of dysmenorrheal,lumbar acid,pregnancy edema and spontaneous abortion in observation groupⅡwith exposure intensity exceeding 95 dB(A)increased further,which was 23.9%,39.8%,13.9%and 15.7%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The probability of low birth weight infants in pregnant women was also significantly increased(13.5%),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In observation groupⅠwith noise exposure intensity exceeding 100 dB(A),in addition to the above-mentioned adverse symptoms,the incidence rate of dystocia among women textile workers increased to 21.1%,with a significant difference(P<0.05).The investigation results showed that the textile noise with intensity greater than 100 dB(A)caused menstrual cycle disorder of female workers to varying degrees,increased the incidence rates of adverse symptoms,such as dysmenorrhea,lumbago,pregnancy induced hypertension,threatened abortion,spontaneous abortion,premature delivery,dystocia and low birth weight,which increased with the increase of noise intensity,and there was a dose-response relationship.However,it could not make an obvious influence on menstrual abnormality,menstrual volume abnormality,early pregnancy reaction,pregnancy vomiting,stillbirth,multiple births,birth defects and death of fetus.Conclusion The exposure to textile noise can influence and disturb female workers'reproductive function and embryonic development.