2014-2018年北京市怀柔区食源性疾病监测中致泻性大肠埃希菌流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of diarrheic Escherichia coli from foodborne disease surveillance in Huairou District of Beijing from 2014-2018

目的了解北京市怀柔区食源性疾病患者中致泻性大肠埃希菌(DEC)的分布特点,为DEC相关食源性疾病的防治提供参考依据。方法对2014-2018年北京市怀柔区食源性疾病主动监测中1971例患者的粪便进行DEC菌株分离及型别鉴定,并对数据进行分析。结果DEC检出率为11.36%,致病型别以肠致病性大肠埃希菌(EPEC)、肠聚集性大肠埃希菌(EAEC)及肠产毒性大肠埃希菌(ETEC)为主。不同年份、月份、年龄间DEC检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=15.33、102.37、12.14,均P<0.05)。DEC检出率以5-8月份为高峰期,阳性率以≥60岁人群最高。可疑暴露食品前3位分别为肉及肉制品(18.30%)、水果类及其制品(13.84%)和粮食类及其制品(12.50%)。结论2014-2018年北京市怀柔区DEC以EPEC为主,其次为EAEC和ETEC;DEC总体检出率以≥60岁人群最高,5-8月份多发,不同型别DEC分布特征存在差异。

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of diarrheic Escherichia coli(DEC)in patients with foodborne disease in Huairou District of Beijing,provide basis for the prevention and control of DEC-related foodborne diseases.Methods The stool samples of 1971 patients were collected in the active foodborne disease surveillance in Huairou District of Beijing from 2014-2018,on which the DEC strain isolation and type identification were performed.The data were analyzed.Results The detection rate of DEC was 11.36%.The main pathogenic types were Enterogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC),Enterogenous Escherichia coli(EAEC)and Enterotoxic Escherichia coli(ETEC).The differences in the detection rates of DEC were statistically significant among different groups in year,month and age(χ^2=15.33,102.37,12.14,all P<0.05).The peak of DEC detection rate appeared May to August,and the positive rate in people aged≥60 years old was the highest.The top three of suspected exposure foods were meat and meat products(18.30%),fruit and their products(13.84%),and grain and their products(12.50%).Conclusion EPEC is the dominant pathogenic type of DEC in Huairou District of Beijing from 2014-2018,followed by EAEC and ETEC.People aged≥60 years old has the highest DEC detection rate,and the peak season appear May to August.The distribution characteristics are different in DEC of different types.