可持续的公共长期护理保险筹资机制:国外经验与中国方案

Sustainable Public Long-term Care Insurance Financing Mechanism: Foreign Experience and Chinese Plan

中国公共长期护理保险试点工作已全面开展。作为一项新险种,筹资机制健全与否直接影响到公共长期护理保险的稳定性。当前中国公共长期护理保险筹资机制尚未定型,探索可持续的筹资机制是中国公共长期护理保险制度建设的重要内容。为此,本文首先全面总结了德国、荷兰、日本、韩国等典型国家公共长期护理保险筹资机制的运行经验。其次,从筹资对象、筹资渠道、筹资标准、筹资责任分担等维度全面评析中国首批试点城市长期护理保险筹资机制。最后,基于镜鉴和适应的原则,尝试探寻公共长期护理保险筹资的"中国方案"。

The pilot work of China’s public long-term care insurance has been fully launched.As a new type of insurance,the soundness of the financing mechanism directly affects the stability of public long-term care insurance.At present,the financing mechanism of China’s public long-term care insurance has not been finalized.Exploring sustainable financing mechanisms is an important part of the construction of China’s public long-term care insurance system.To this end,this article first summarizes the operating experience of public long-term care insurance financing mechanisms in typical countries such as Germany,Netherlands,Japan,and South Korea.Secondly,from the perspectives of financing objects,financing channels,financing standards,and financing responsibilities,a comprehensive evaluation of China’s first pilot urban long-term care insurance financing mechanisms was conducted.Finally,based on the principles of mirror inspection and adaptation,an attempt was made to explore the‘China plan’for public long-term care insurance financing.