从游牧到定居:内蒙古阿拉善地区乡土住宅的空间形式与社会变迁

From Nomadicity to Sedentariness:Spatial and Social Changes in Vernacular Dwellings in Alxa League,Inner Mongolia

选取内蒙古阿拉善盟地区案例,通过对地区20个苏木镇的150个乡土住宅样本的田野调查,在历史考据的基础上对其空间形式进行类型学研究。通过对游牧到定居社会变迁过程的历时性追溯,提出历史节点,明确变迁动因,文章旨在探讨阿拉善乡土住宅形式演变与社会主体认同转变的二元互动关系。结论清晰呈现出阿拉善蒙古族其住宅形式由蒙古包到定居建筑的传承演变过程,有助于厘清在复杂变迁过程中各文化类型之间的关联性。

Using Alxa League in Inner Mongolia as a unique case,this paper offers a typological study of spatial forms of vernacular dwellings by tracing their historical process,on the basis of field surveys of 150 vernacular dwellings in 20 Sumus and towns in Alxa area.By narrating the process of social changes from nomadicity to settlement,it identifies historical nodes and clarifies the driving forces,aiming to explicate the dual interactive relationship between the forms of vernacular dwellings and the changes of subjects’identities.In conclusion,it reveals the transformation and inheritance of the spatial form of Alxa is a transformation from Mongolian yurts to settled dwellings,which is helpful to clarify the correlation among different cultural types in the complicated processes of social change.