谁是下一代农场主?——家庭农场主的职业代际传递意愿及其发生机制研究

Who Would be the Family Farmers in the Future?——Research on Intergenerational Occupation Inheritance Willingness and Mechanisms of Profession of Chinese Family Farmers

文章从制度支持机制、机会结构约束机制和收益-风险约束机制三个维度分析了影响家庭农场主职业传递意愿的相关因素。研究发现,制度支持机制对农场主的职业代际传递有一定程度的影响,相对于选择家族内其他成员而言,政府开展的人才培训和政府补贴有助于农场主子女作为职业代际传递对象;机会结构约束机制对家庭农场主的职业代际传递有着显著的正向影响,相对于选择家族外成员而言,在子女参与农场劳动的情况下,农场主将优先选择子女作为职业继承人;从收益-风险约束机制来看,家庭农场的短期收益对农场主的职业传递意愿并不具有显著的统计影响;农场主在认为农场经营存在较高风险的潜在收益时更愿意选择子女接手未来的农场经营。由此提出:除了进一步加强对家庭农场的制度支持外,还应该提供相应的风险应对策略,鼓励发展亲代与子代共同经营的家庭农场;在乡村振兴战略的指导下,应该为具备农业企业家才能的能人创造宽松的环境,并致力于加强农村经济组织之间的交流与合作。

This paper analyzes the relevant factors that affect the family farmer’s Intergenerational Occupation Inheritance willingness from the perspective of system-support mechanism,opportunity structure constraint mechanism and income-risk constraint mechanism.Through empirical research,it is found that the system-support mechanism has a certain impact on intergenerational transfer of farmer occupation.,the government’s talent-training program and government subsidies help farmer children rather than other members of the family as the target of occupational intergenerational transfer;the mechanism of opportunity structure constraint has a significant positive effect on the intergenerational occupation interitance.The institutional support enables farmers to preferentially choose their children rather than members outside the family as the occupation heirs given that children participate in farm labor;from the perspective of the income-risk constraint mechanism,the short-term profits of family farms does not have a significant statistical impact on farmers’occupation inheritance willingness.Farmers are more willing to choose their children to take over the farm management in the future when they think that it may bring high potential profits from higher risks.Therefore it is proposed that corresponding risk response strategies should be employed to stimulate the development of family farms jointly operated by parents and their children in addition to further strengthening the institutional support for family farms.Moreover,a relaxed environment should be created for agricultural entrepreneurs guided by the strategy of rural revitalization and effort should be made to strengthen exchanges and cooperation between rural economic organizations.