中国乡村发展健康状况的时空演变及障碍因子

Spatial-temporal Evolution of Rural Development Health Status and Its Obstacle Factors in China

科学诊断乡村发展状况,甄别影响乡村发展的关键因子,是深入认识和有效引导乡村地域健康发展的重要基础。采用欧式加权距离法、核密度估计与障碍因子诊断模型,对2010—2016年中国乡村发展健康状况进行综合评价及障碍因子识别。结果表明:(1)研究期内各省市乡村发展的整体水平不高,但表现出较为明显的改善趋势,大部分地区的乡村健康状况已由中低水平向中等水平转变;各省市乡村发展水平在空间上呈现显著的东中西梯次递减分布特征,区域之间的差异趋于收敛;(2)制约乡村健康发展的障碍因子主要来自公共服务层与产业层,具体涉及的指标有生活垃圾处理率、生活污水处理率、乡村绿化覆盖率和农业劳动生产率等。生活因素层的阻碍作用正在迅速减弱,社会与文化因素层的阻碍作用开始显现。

Since the reform and opening up,China's urban areas have prospered,while rural development has faced severe challenges from“rural diseases”.These problems seriously restrict the sustainable development of rural areas in China.According to the problems in the various subsystems of the rural development system,combining with the previous research results,this paper aimed to reveal the rural development obstacle factors and assess the rural health status from 2010 to 2016 by using the obstacle diagnosis model.It was revealed that:1)The obstacle factors restricting the healthy development of rural areas mainly came from public service factors layer and industrial factors layer.Besides,the obstruction of life factors has rapidly weakened,and the hindrance of social factors and cultural factors have begun to appear.2)Specifically,the factors such as domestic garbage disposal rate,domestic sewage treatment rate,rural green coverage rate and agricultural productivity had a general impact on the healthy development of rural areas.While other factors appeared to be small fluctuations and had a small range of influence.3)During the study period,the overall health status of rural systems in various provinces and cities was not high.Overall,the health status of rural areas in various provinces and cities had a clear improvement trend.4)The comprehensive health status of rural systems in various provinces and cities had a significant ladder descending distribution characteristics in the eastern,central and western regions.The differences in the comprehensive health status of rural systems between different provinces and cities tended to converge.