生态批评视域下的刘先平大自然文学创作

On Liu Xianping’s Nature Literature Writing from the Perspective of Ecological Criticism

从生态批评视域观照刘先平的大自然文学,首先要深入理解“大自然文学”这一概念,尤要将其与源自美国的“自然文学”进行区分。“大自然”一词体现了中华民族天人观中敬畏自然的生态智慧,是一个更加中国化的概念,正好用以区别更具西方色彩的“自然”概念。大自然文学的中国文化内涵突出体现在四个方面:其一,“天人合一”的生态观源自传统哲学的自然观;其二,倡导生态道德延续了“文以载道”的传统;其三,“自然”的审美观体现了古典审美理想的最高境界;其四,第一人称限知叙事与流动视角再现了传统的说书技艺。从大自然文学的长足发展和中国生态批评话语建构的角度而言,我们至少还可作出以下几方面的努力:一是加强大自然文学的理论建构,形成完善的话语体系;二是壮大大自然文学的创作队伍,扩大其研究范围;三是加强作家与研究者之间的联系,共同推动大自然文学和生态批评的共同繁荣。

To analyze Liu Xianping’s nature literature from the perspective of ecological criticism,it’s necessary to analyze the concept of“nature literature”,especially to distinguish it from“nature writing”that originated in America.The term“nature(da-zi-ran)”which reveals the nature-respecting ecological wisdom in Chinese people’s understanding of man-nature relationship is a more Chinese concept distinct from the more western concept of“nature”.The Chinese cultural connotation of nature literature are prominently reflected in four aspects:First,the idea that“heaven and man are united as one”comes from the traditional philosophy of heaven and man;second,advocating ecological ethics continues the tradition of“literature as the vehicle of ideas”;third,the“natural”aesthetic view reflects the top state of classical aesthetic ideals;fourth,the first person limited narrative and mobile perspective reproduce the traditional storytelling skills.From the perspective of the great development of nature literature and the construction of Chinese ecocriticism discourses,we can at least make efforts in the following aspects:to enhance the theoretical construction of nature literature and form a perfect discourse system,to reinforce the writing team of nature literature and expand the research scope of nature literature,and lastly to strengthen the connection between writers and researchers in order to jointly promote the common prosperity of nature literature and ecological criticism.