聚合物基MOFs复合材料的制备及应用

Preparation and Application of Polymer-based MOFs Composites

金属有机骨架化合物(MOFs,配位聚合物)主要是由金属离子与有机配体通过自组装作用而形成的一种有机无机多孔配合物,它具有结构可调、孔隙率高以及比表面积大等特点,在生物医药、传感、气体分离膜等方面有着广泛的应用,但单一的MOFs材料也有一定的缺点,如稳定性差、机械强度低等。为了改善其缺点,一些研究者将MOFs材料与无机物、有机物复合,在改善MOFs材料缺陷的同时扩宽它的应用范围,本文重点阐述了MOFs材料与聚合物的复合研究进展。本文根据MOFs材料的命名、组分单元和合成方法的不同将MOFs分为以下几类,如网状金属有机骨架材料(IRMOFs)、类沸石咪唑酯骨架材料(ZIFs)、莱瓦希尔骨架材料(MILs)、孔/通道式骨架材料(PCNs)等;归纳了聚合物基MOFs复合材料常用的两种制备方法,即物理共混法和原位法;总结了聚合物与MOFs间的复合方式,主要有非共价键复合和共价键复合。非共价键复合包括氢键、范德华力、静电作用等;共价键复合主要是氨基与羧基间的复合。在非共价键复合和共价键复合中都有氢键的作用,并且通过共价键可以使聚合物和MOFs材料更好地复合,从而使聚合物基MOFs复合材料更加稳定,应用更加广泛。最后介绍了聚合物基MOFs复合材料在生物医药、传感、气体分离膜等方面的应用现状,并对聚合物基MOFs复合材料的发展趋势进行了展望,主要包括复合材料的复合方式、复合材料的结构调控,以及复合材料在其他领域的应用。希望本文能为聚合物基MOFs复合材料方面的研究提供一定的指导与借鉴。

Metal-organic framework compounds(MOFs),an organic-inorganic porous complex mainly formed by self-assembly of metal ions and organic ligands.Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)emerging as a kind of porous of organic-inorganic skeleton materials,have tunable nanospaces,high porosity and high specific surface area,which makes it has a wide range of applications in biomedicine,sensing,gas separation membranes,etc.But MOFs materials have some disadvantages,such as poor stability and low mechanical strength.In order to improve its shortcomings,some researchers have combined MOFs materials with inorganic or organic materials to improve the defects of MOFs meanwhile broa-den the application of MOFs.This review focuses on the synthesis of polymer-based MOFs composites.In this review,MOFs are classified into the following categories according to the naming,composition and synthesis methods of MOFs:isoreti-cular metal-organic frameworks(IRMOFs),zeoliticimidazolate frameworks(ZIFs),and metarial sofistitute Lavoisier frameworks(MILs),poc-ket-channel frameworks(PCNs),etc.Two preparation methods commonly used in polymer-based MOFs composites are summarized:physical blending and in-situ methods.The composite mode of the polymer and MOFs in the material is non-covalently bonded,including hydrogen bond,van der Waals force,electrostatic action,etc.;covalent bond,which is mainly the combination of amino group and carboxyl group.In the combination of non-covalent bond and covalent bond,there are hydrogen bonds.And the combination of covalent bond can make the polymer and MOFs material better composite,the polymer-based MOFs composite material is more stable and more applicable widely.Finally,the application status of polymer-based MOFs composites in biomedicine,sensing,gas separation membranes,etc.are introduced.The development trend of polymer-based MOFs composites are prospected.It mainly includes the way of composites,the structural control of composites,and the application of composites in other fields.It is hoped that researchers in polymer-based MOFs composites will provide some guidance and reference.