4300年前后玉器在北方地区各文化间的互动

The Interaction of Jades between Different Cultural Zones in Northern China Around 4,300 B.P.

距今4300年前后是我国史前阶段的重要节点,北方地区陆续发展出多个制玉、用玉的考古学文化中心。本文通过对这一阶段北方地区各玉文化的梳理分析,认为这些玉文化间共性逐步增多,体现出趋同的趋势。玉器作为文明演进的重要指征,作为更高一级文化载体在文化互动与传承中有着独特地位与作用,此时通过传播、整合、交流等途径频繁互动,所体现出的是这一阶段北方各人群间文化融合,从一个侧面反映出当时各种文化因素的快速汇聚与认同,也正好符合在文明进程中,古国时代向王国时代演进中北方地区在文化上的整合。

Several groups of archaeological cultures characterized by the jade-manufacturing industry and utilization tradition emerged in succession in northern China around 4,300 B.P.During this period,a major trend can be observed in archaeological evidence;namely,the increasing interaction that resultsd in the similarity and commonality in the use of jade artifacts amongst different regions.The intensified exchange on the one hand embodied the cultural assimilation among various communities in northern China and,on the other hand,reflected the convergence of cultural elements from different origins and associated cultural identities.Consequently,communities located in different ecological zones that were differentiated by various economic subsistence,belief systems,and cultural traditions all appeared to adopt a similar set of ideas and cosmological views associated with the use of jade.This significant change also corresponded to some distinctive socio-political changes in the dawn of civilization,which also characterized the transition from ancient chiefdoms to kingdoms and the increasing assimilation of cultural elements in northern region.